Theory and simulation
There are two types of questions: Part A- Essay questions and Part B: Calculations and Simulation questions. Please complete all the questions and submit your word file PLUS packet tracer file via TURNITIN before the due date. Where you refer to external sources of information, they should be correctly referenced according to the latest APA edition.

Part A

Question 1: (10 marks)

(a) The OSI protocol stack includes Session and Presentation layers in addition to its Application layer. TCP/IP applications, such as Telnet and FTP, have no such separate layers defined. Do you think that such a separation should be made? Give some advantages and disadvantages of incorporating the OSI approach into TCP/IP. (4 marks)

(b) Show the calculations for finding the estimated percentages of overhead for TCP/IP protocol for IPv4 and IPv6 versions. (4 marks)

(c) Why is the length of a TCP segment limited to 65,536 bytes? (2 marks)

Question 2: (10 marks)

(a) What difference does it make to the network layer if the underlying data link layer provides a connection-oriented service versus a connectionless service? (3 marks)

(b) Suppose transmission channels become virtually error-free. Is the data link layer still needed? (3 marks)

(c) Four levels of addresses are used in the TCP/IP protocol: physical address, logical address, port address, and application-specific address. Discuss the different types of addresses used in the TCP/IP protocol. (4 marks)

Part B: (30 marks)

Here you will be designing and implementing a VLSM addressing scheme. Please submit necessary screenshots in the document to prove your work, and also submit the packet tracer file.

Consider the topology below:

Background / Scenario

Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM) was designed to avoid wasting IP addresses. With VLSM, a network is subnetted and then re-subnetted. This process can be repeated multiple times to create subnets of various sizes based on the number of hosts required in each subnet. Effective use of VLSM requires address planning.

Use the 172.90.03.0/17 network address to develop an addressing scheme for the network displayed in the topology diagram. VLSM is used to meet the IPv4 addressing requirements. After you have designed the VLSM address scheme, you will configure the interfaces on the routers with the appropriate IP address information using the Packet Tracer software.

There are two parts-

PART 1: Design the VLSM Address Scheme (10 marks)

For this part, please follow the following two steps:

Step 1: Calculate the subnet information (5 marks)

Subnet Description

Number of Hosts Needed

Network Address/CIDR

First Usable Host Address

Broadcast Address

LAN A

LAN B

LAN C

LAN D

LAN E

LAN F

WAN A

WAN B

WAN C

Step 2: Complete the device interface address table. (5 marks)

Assign the first host address in the subnet to the Ethernet interfaces. HQ should be given the first host address on the Serial links to BR1 and BR2. BR1 should be given the first host address for the serial link to BR2.

Device

Interface

IP address

Subnet Mask

Device Interface

HQ Router

BR1 Router

BR2 Router

PART 2: Create the topology in Packet Tracer and Configure the IPv4 Network (20 marks)

In this part, you will create the topology using the packet tracer software and configure the three routers using the VLSM address scheme that you developed in the previous part.

Step 1: create the topology using the packet tracer software (5 marks)

Step 2: Configure basic settings on each router. ( 7 marks)

a. Assign the device name to the router.

b. Disable DNS lookup to prevent the router from attempting to translate incorrectly entered commands as though they were hostnames.

c. Assign class as the privileged EXEC encrypted password.

d. Assign cisco as the console password and enable login.

e. Assign cisco as the VTY password and enable login.

f. Encrypt the clear text passwords.

g. Create a banner that will warn anyone accessing the device that unauthorized access is prohibited.

Step 3: Configure the interfaces on each router. (4 marks)

a. Assign an IP address and subnet mask to each interface using the table that you completed in Part 2.

b. Configure an interface description for each interface.

c. Set the clocking rate on all DCE serial interfaces to 128000.

d. Activate the interfaces.

Step 4: Save the configuration on all devices. (2 marks)

Step 5: Test Connectivity. (2 marks)

a. From HQ, ping BR1’s S0/0/0 interface address.

b. From HQ, ping BR2’s S0/0/1 interface address.

c. From BR1, ping BR2’s S0/0/0 interface address.

d. Troubleshoot connectivity issues if pings were not successful.