Discussion Questions 523 and 545 PTSD, EMDR, Reliability and Validity

545 – Write a 250 word response with 2 scholarly references to each. The goal is to have a discussion based on the topic of your peer. You can be pro or against or can elaborate on top of what they have said. Grammar is important so if there are any grammar errors you will be docked points.
1) Topic 3 DQ 1 (Obj. 3.1) – Tolliver Ander
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that can be found in individuals who have experienced a traumatic event, for example, a natural disaster, a severe accident, war/combat, or a personal assault (APA,2013). I feel that Maryam meets the criteria for PTSD because she was involved in an accident that caused severe injury to someone. Maryam traumatic incident happened two months ago which involved three cars where one person was critically injured, and the other person was seen and released from the hospital. Maryam has symptoms that are due to trauma. She complains about having a lack of sleep, and she avoids driving a car because she is afraid she will injure more people. Individuals with PTSD have negative thoughts and feelings about their traumatic experience long after the event has ended (APA, 2013). She feels stupid and does not have a reason to live; this is due to her negative thoughts. Her sleep patterns are off, and she is displaying reckless behavior by drinking nightly to go to sleep. Drinking causes Maryam to miss class that may result in her failing school. Since her symptoms have been longer than a month she meets the criteria for PTSD.
Reference
American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved on April 2, 2019, from https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/ptsd/what-is-ptsd
2) Topic 3 DQ 1 (Obj. 3.1) – Kelly Stebbins
Hi Class,
the main reason why I believe Maryam suffers from PTSD is because of the timing. She was involved in a 3 car accident two months ago and that is affecting her sleep patterns, which in turn is affecting her everyday life because she cannot attend her classes due to the lack of sleep. When she does sleep she suffers terrible nightmares which are probably flashbacks from the accident. Because she accepted responsibility for this and one person was critically injured, she is also stuggling with guilt. She is facing legal issues over this so that probably has her stressed as well. It appears that her symptoms have gotten worse over time and this is why it is affecting her everyday life now and she is suffering.
The main differences between ASD and PTSD are a few things: There are mostly similar with the exceptions of duration and timing. But, they both occur because of a traumatic event taking place. ASD diagnosis can carry with it symptoms of dissociation. A PTSD diagnosis involves a dissocaiative subtype when these symptoms are present. These symptoms involve disconnecting from the world or oneself. Also if someone has PTSD it does not mean that they will develop PTSD or that someone who has ASD will develop PTSD in the future. This is why getting treatment early on is so important so that a proper diagnosis can be found and the client can learn better ways of how to cope with the experience in the near future (www.ptsd.va.gov, 2019). On a side note, about 2 years ago I was involved in a bad car accident myself in which I still suffer from the affects of that today. It was my fault and I blamed myself for a long time for this. However, it was an accident. I never intentionally meant to hurt anyone or myself for that matter. I did not drive for a while after the accident either so I totally understand why someone goes through these feelings but I also know that it is possible to recover and stop blaming yourself for things you cannot control. You have to move forward and learn from these experiences.
https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/related/acute_stress.asp
3) Topic 3 DQ 2 (Obj. 3.2) – Martin Doyle
There are multiple evidence based treatment options for clients dealing with trauma and other mental health disorders. One that is particularly interesting to me is EMDR or eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. EMDR has been shown to be effective in treating people with trauma. It is a viable option for people with trauma, but it has limitations into other areas of mental health. For example, in using EMDR for people who have both trauma and addiction, EMDR significantly reduced the trauma symptoms, but did not help the addiction issues (Perez-Dandieu & Tapia, 2014). Cognitive behavioral therapy is another evidence based model for the treatment of trauma as well as having a broader application to other mental health disorders such as addiction, depression, and anxiety. Trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy has been shown effective in many instances, one in particular with children who had gone through a single