Question #1 thru #9 worth 8 points each. Pick 7 to answer. You can answer 8 or all 9 questions and receive up to 8 extra credit points per additional question that you answer. Question #10 is worth 44 points. 100 total points plus any extra credit points. List and describe the basic components of a news release. What are the two most important parts of the news release to get the journalist interested in your release? Why? Why are radio and television still important tools in the communications strategies to reach a broad audience, even in the Internet age? Describe earned, paid and owned media? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? Give an example for each one. What is the difference between an Opinion Editorial (OpEd) and a news feature? Why would you include an OpEd in your public relations campaign? FYI The New York Times announced this week that they will no longer call these features OpEds. They will now be called “Guest Essays.” Why are online newsrooms on an organization’s website so important? List the information/resources that should be available in an online newsroom. How have they changed the work of the Public Relations professional? List and describe the six main types of feature stories. Which type do you find most interesting? Why? What is the difference between informational and motivational objectives in a communications plan? Which one harder to achieve, why? How would you measure if these objectives are met? Why is measuring the success of a public relations campaign so important? List three ways that ways that you could measure the success of a communications campaign that includes social media and advertising. Your PR firm has been hired by the Fish Market Restaurant to develop a plan to generate dine in traffic to their restaurant in downtown Alexandria. Most of the restaurant’s business has been ‘Grab and Go’ or delivery since the pandemic started and Virginia instituted shut down or limited seating rules. Your communications objective is to double inside dining reservations over a one month period, or even better to reach the maximum occupancy within Virginia state COVID-19 rules. List two strategies to increase awareness that the restaurant has reopened for in-restaurant dining. List two messages to motivate diners to come into the restaurant for dinner. How would you measure your success? 44 points Research shows there are many Americans reluctant to get the COVID-19 vaccine. Using the sources listed and others: Identify two target audience segments reluctant to get the COVID-19 vaccine. Provide demographic and psychographic data to describe each target audience and state why they are reluctant. What three specific media outlets would you use to reach each target audience. Why would you recommend that media outlet. For example, Television-PBS news. For each target audience, provide four message points to convince them to get the vaccine. Identify two people/organizations whom you think would be most effective in convincing each target audience to get the vaccination. List four ways that you will measure the success of your communication strategies. Public Concerns over the J&J Coronavirus Vaccine are Widespread (Links to an external site.) Track the VAX (Links to an external site.) Refusing to get the Vaccine (Links to an external site.) CDC COVID-19 Vaccine (Links to an external site.) Pro-vaccine messages people want to know (Links to an external site.) Vaccination Gender Gap (Links to an external site.) List other articles and research that support your strategy. Tags: negative message Internet age traditional media ensure readers online property User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following Studypool’s honor code & terms of service.
Reference List: Basic Rules
Note: This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style can be found here.
This resource, revised according to the 7th edition APA Publication Manual, provides fundamental guidelines for constructing the reference pages of research papers. For more information, please consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, (7th ed.).
Note: Because the information on this page pertains to virtually all citations, we’ve highlighted one important difference between APA 6 and APA 7 with an underlined note written in red.
Formatting a Reference List
Your reference list should appear at the end of your paper. It provides the information necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve any source you cite in the body of the paper. Each source you cite in the paper must appear in your reference list; likewise, each entry in the reference list must be cited in your text.
Your references should begin on a new page separate from the text of the essay; label this page “References” in bold, centered at the top of the page (do NOT underline or use quotation marks for the title). All text should be double-spaced just like the rest of your essay.
Basic Rules for Most Sources
- All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented one-half inch from the left margin. This is called hanging indentation.
- All authors’ names should be inverted (i.e., last names should be provided first).
- Authors’ first and middle names should be written as initials.
- For example, the reference entry for a source written by Jane Marie Smith would begin with “Smith, J. M.”
- If a middle name isn’t available, just initialize the author’s first name: “Smith, J.”
- Give the last name and first/middle initials for all authors of a particular work up to and including 20 authors (this is a new rule, as APA 6 only required the first six authors). Separate each author’s initials from the next author in the list with a comma. Use an ampersand (&) before the last author’s name. If there are 21 or more authors, use an ellipsis (but no ampersand) after the 19th author, and then add the final author’s name.
- Reference list entries should be alphabetized by the last name of the first author of each work.
- For multiple articles by the same author, or authors listed in the same order, list the entries in chronological order, from earliest to most recent.
- When referring to the titles of books, chapters, articles, reports, webpages, or other sources, capitalize only the first letter of the first word of the title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns.
- Note again that the titles of academic journals are subject to special rules. See section below.
- Italicize titles of longer works (e.g., books, edited collections, names of newspapers, and so on).
- Do not italicize, underline, or put quotes around the titles of shorter works such as chapters in books or essays in edited collections.
Basic Rules for Articles in Academic Journals
- Present journal titles in full.
- Italicize journal titles.
- Maintain any nonstandard punctuation and capitalization that is used by the journal in its title.
- For example, you should use PhiloSOPHIA instead of Philosophia, or Past & Present instead of Past and Present.
- Capitalize all major words in the titles of journals. Note that this differs from the rule for titling other common sources (like books, reports, webpages, and so on) described above.
- This distinction is based on the type of source being cited. Academic journal titles have all major words capitalized, while other sources’ titles do not.
- Capitalize the first word of the titles and subtitles of journal articles, as well as the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and any proper nouns.
- Do not italicize or underline the article title.
- Do not enclose the article title in quotes.
- So, for example, if you need to cite an article titled “Deep Blue: The Mysteries of the Marianas Trench” that was published in the journal Oceanographic Study: A Peer-Reviewed Publication, you would write the article title as follows:
- Deep blue: The mysteries of the Marianas Trench.
- …but you would write the journal title as follows:
- Oceanographic Study: A Peer-Reviewed Publication
- So, for example, if you need to cite an article titled “Deep Blue: The Mysteries of the Marianas Trench” that was published in the journal Oceanographic Study: A Peer-Reviewed Publication, you would write the article title as follows:
Please note: While the APA manual provides examples of how to cite common types of sources, it does not cover all conceivable sources. If you must cite a source that APA does not address, the APA suggests finding an example that is similar to your source and using that format. For more information, see page 282 of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th ed.
