General Oceanography Essay

Each essay answer should be 150-250 words long, roughly 10 to 15 sentences. Begin your answers at first principles, be as thorough and comprehensive, as time allows, and do not assume that the grader knows anything about the subject matter.
Describe chemical composition of seawater and the sources of thechemical constituents that compose this liquid.
Describe the variation in sea surface water temperature, from theequator to the polar regions, both north and south, and explain thecause of this variation.
What is meant by the term, sea surface salinity, and describe thevariation in sea surface salinity, from the equator to the polar regions,both north and south, and explain the factors that contribute to thisvariation.
How is oceanic salinity measured and calculated?
Describe the variation in ocean temperature, from the sea surface tothe deep water (assuming a water depth of 5000 meters), and explainthe factors that contribute to this variation.
How is ocean temperature measured?
What is meant by the term, seawater density, and describe thevariation in seawater density, from the sea surface to the deep water(assuming a water depth of 5000 meters), and explain the factors thatcontribute to this variation.
Describe the physical and chemical conditions in roughly 75% of theworld ocean, and the processes that influence these conditions.
What is meant by the term, dissolved oxygen in seawater, anddescribe the variation in dissolved oxygen in seawater, from the seasurface to the deep water (assuming a water depth of 5000 meters),and explain the factors that contribute to this variation.
10.What is meant by the term, biolimiting nutrients, and describe thevariation in biolimiting nutrients in seawater, from the sea surface tothe deep water (assuming a water depth of 5000 meters), and explainthe factors that contribute to this variation.
11.What is meant by the term, biolimiting nutrients, and describe thevariation in biolimiting nutrients in the surface water, from the equatorto the polar regions, both north and south, and from the middle of theocean to the coastline? Explain the factors that contribute to thisvariation.
12.What is meant by the term, marine primary productivity, and describethe variation in primary productivity in the surface water, from theequator to the polar regions, both north and south, and from themiddle of the ocean to the coastline? Explain the factors thatcontribute to this variation.
13. What is meant by the term, trophic pyramid, and describe how thisrelates to a marine food web?
14. What is meant by the term, biological pump, and describe how thisterm relates to the transport and storage on carbon, and nutrients, inthe ocean environment?
15. Describe the conditions that an organism experiences in the mid-water (twilight) environment and give an example of how theseconditions might influence the metabolism, features or lifestyle of anorganism in this environment.
16. Describe 5 examples of how scientists study the waters below thesurface (mixed) layer and the organisms contained therein.
17. Describe how scientists locate hydrothermal vents on the seafloor.
18. Describe the complete cycle of hydrothermal circulation that resultschimney features at seafloor vents.
19. Describe how hydrothermal circulation influences ocean salinity?
20.Describe the fluids that are expelled from a hydrothermal vent, andhow these fluids support a marine ecosystem.
21.Describe how life-sustaining energy is obtained and converted intoorganic matter, and how this conversion forms of the basis for thehydrothermal vent ecosystem.
22. Describe the environmental conditions that organisms experience at ahydrothermal vent.
23. What is a harmful algal bloom (HAB), how might human activitiescontribute to the formation of HABs, and how might such a bloominfluence a marine food web all the way up to marine mammals.
24. What is a “dead zone” and describe how this feature commonly formsin some coastal regions?
25. What is meant by the term, ocean acidification, explain how it isformed, and the potential impact on some organisms that make theirshells out of calcium carbonate?
26.What is meant by the term, iron fertilization, explain what it wasdesigned to potentially counteract and how, and what are some of theconcerns about its long-term implementation?
27.Describe the SOFeX experiment, including some of the previousresearch that laid the groundwork for the project, the question thatwas addressed, the nature of the methodologies used in theexperiment to test the iron hypothesis, and the results of theexperiment.

“Place your order now for a similar assignment and have exceptional work written by our team of experts, guaranteeing you A results.”