Education of the Media: Media Ethics within the frame of Social Media
1
1
Sabahudin Hadiali? & 2Vi Thi Phuong
Assoc. Prof. Dr. and Dr. Honoris Causa UNINETTUNO University, Rome, Italy
2
Ph . D Student – Thai Nguyen University, Vietnam
Abstract
With outstanding advantages, social media has been changing the habit of searching,
sharing and using of the public media. The problem is that, in an “open” society, social media
is often associated with informal communication activities, because it allows users to easily
join a certain group on social networks to chat and make your own point of view on an issue
they are concerned about. Of course, to be able to use and not to be abused by social media,
we need a media literate, open-minded people who are critically involved in this kind of the
creation and exchange of media content. From the technical art of media perspective, social
media is operated based on online services, news can be shared and spread quickly and
interactively among people. join. The top issue is to attach importance to media ethics in
social media.
Keyword: education, media, ethics, social media, media literacy
I. Introduction – Social media and education
Communication is a process of continuously exchanging information, ideas, feelings
and sharing skills and experiences between two people and many people (one to many or
many to many) to increase mutual understanding and understanding of the surrounding
environment in order to change. To change awareness, proceed to adjust behaviors and
attitudes and to meet the development needs of individuals or the general social community
to ensure sustainable development.
One of the main goals of any society is (or at least should be) to provide a systematic
education that includes a set of tools that can be used to improve problems encountered in the
world. social and economic circles. The educational process and corresponding educational
program are often aimed at targeting the knowledge and skills necessary to handle issues
throughout the world.
The evolution of the digital age has opened great opportunities for people around the
world to connect with each other and access a range of information. The Internet provides
ample information resources that are useful for various purposes in education, work and
business as well as keeping up with world trends. The growing number of social media has
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the potential to improve the quality of teaching in education. Some basic features of social
media can have a big impact on the development of the teaching-learning process. It sought
to explore the use of social media in teaching by investigating teachers’ profiles, the role of
social media in education in different schools, activities and acceptance. role and use of social
media in education. Very often shows that social media contributes to learning but there are
some disadvantages that users need to keep in mind.
A special phenomenon in the social media worldwide village is the “launch” of
Facebook in 2004, marking the spectacular development of social media. It can be seen that
social media really developed strongly, having in mind strong technology development which
did not follow adequate, critical media literacy of the users, in a short period of time, so far it
has become one of the mainstream trends in the global media village.
Social media is a “flow of information”, and very often tsunami kind of, on
technology platforms and services that allow users to create, share, exchange, discuss and
change content, set up as affiliate networks, and social interaction within the social Media.
This kind of communication within Social media refers to how the media use the platform of
online services (web sites on the Internet), possibly in the form of social network
communication save and share personal information (Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, MySpace,
Instagram) or networks that share specific resources (documents – Scribd, photos – Flickr,
videos – YouTube …).
According to research documents, social media is the term used in the late twentieth
century with the strong development of Internet technology. Internet-based applications for
creating social media are diverse, including forums (forums), blogs (personal diary pages),
vlogs (video blogging), micro-blogs (microblogging), websites belonging to the Wikis
system, social networking sites assembly, etc.
In fact, on the Internet, users can share, exchange and seek information to change
their perceptions, attitudes and behaviors and those of others in society. Thus, social media is
the key concept to refer to interpersonal communication activities that take place in a social
network on the Internet environment. However, in fact, social media was born many years
ago, especially with the invention of the word www (world wide web) by Tim Berners Lee English professor.
Therefore, the development of social media depends greatly on the development of
online media environment, especially the Internet. Although, it is two-sided sward, where
everybody can become an Internet troll or when AI can become a real person through bot
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connection or a social bot agent, within social media. In fact, the strong development of
social media has greatly affected the activities of the press agencies, even upsetting and
changing the current media environment. Typically, nowadays traditional media such as
radio, television, print newspapers, magazines all have their “extended arms”, having even
editors for social media, on the Internet – where the public can easily find information,
manage information management and sharing.
Social media can be a major source of annoyance for students whose attention is
difficult to maintain continuity in academic work. Most of these students end up using the
Internet, e-learning platforms and social media to connect with people for the sole purpose of
socialization.
Post-industrial society has become a service society rather than a productive society.
It creates new ways of human interaction with society, where the interface separates
individuals from the real-world social environment. The newly formed educational process
requires changing the role of teachers for learners. Therefore, the teacher is not a single
content provider anymore. Learners are becoming more and more free to gather knowledge as
needed and to make decisions.
Previously, in the classic media environment, standards of most strategic value
content tubers a information is the value of news. That is, a piece of news that are valuable,
is more interested by traditional press agencies, if it is topical news, with great impact on the
socio-economic life.
In the world, social media has become an effective tool, playing an important role in
providing information, promoting and building brand value for individuals, agencies and
organizations. Social media, especially social networks, are constantly being supported and
supported by new and increasingly useful technologies, becoming an important channel,
promoting the process of communication and social connection. Algorithms that allow social
media platforms to set up communities that operate in various forms (forums, groups, public
societies) can attract thousands of people, up to millions of members, not limited to
geography or social and/or gender composition.[6] Access to individual users at a fast pace
creates many opportunities and benefits in terms of transmission, reception, sharing,
information and knowledge; serving the diverse needs of the community such as making
friends, entertainment, business, expressing opinions, social criticism, spreading good things.
At the same time, also from social media platforms. reveal negative impacts, hidden risks that
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are complex, unpredictable, even capable of causing deep divisions, provoking hatred in
social communities, especially in multi-ethnic countries, religion.
Understanding media education and education in general, in the twenty-first century,
is closely connected with a new technology and the advantages and disadvantages that it
brings. Sometimes we have a serious feeling that the pace of technological innovation is
much faster than adjusting the media education for it. Many of the reasons are connected to
that: how to communicate (the way of communicating the educational media with new
technology) with students; literate media; lack of understanding from educational institutions
(or their lack of education about it) about the importance of linking media education and new
technologies in postmodernity; lack of teachers’ creativity in relation to the full presentation
of the importance of communication and interaction of media education with new
technologies; lack of innovation regarding how to link media education with new
technologies – social media as a model of intentional democracy in media education and a
lack of knowledge about advertising that connects media education and new technology – the
art of persuasion.
II. Communication education in media ethics
Ethics is a system of common socially accepted standards to harmonize relationships
between people and people, between people and society, between people and nature in order
to achieve good social values.
Professional ethics is a system of rules, norms and ethics that regulate human
behavior in professional relationships, they are governed by professional characteristics and
in the development of professional ethics are always linked. bundle unified in a whole of
morality in general.
In order to limit the downsides and promote the advantages of social media, we need
specific solutions within Media ethics:
a) Legal documents: The State should promptly supplement and complete necessary
documents in accordance with reality to ensure a clear, transparent and fair legal
environment among organizations, when participating in social media. Individuals
and organizations need to be legally responsible for information posted on social
networks or websites.
b) Strengthening confidentiality and struggling with information technology crimes:
Warn individuals and organizations with minimum security principles when
participating in forums and social networks. For units building websites, social
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networks, and products on the internet, right from the time of building products,
technology measures for information system security and information must be
implemented, of the product and its user information. Specialized units in charge
of network security should promptly assist organizations and individuals when
detecting signs of “gaps” of security and even when cybercriminals
attack. Members on social networks also promptly warn each other when they
discover malicious links or risk of personal account hijacking.
c) Encourage positive social networks and the like in membership factor:
On how gender virtual as well as real life there are always good and evil mixed
together appear gray, or even black. If the good things are big enough, they will
gradually reduce the bad ones. The fiercer the fight with the bad is, the more
encouragement the good must reinforce. If there are many good pages that attract
users, it is also a way to restrict users to pages with malicious purposes.
Every day there is a bigger risk that the citizens will, within the time of effusive offer
of media contents, be lost in the information blizzard. Paradoxically this is, but true, that
the possibilities of the manipulation and allurement have increased parallel with the number
of media and strengthening of their mutual competitions. Being thought with a few bad
(main manipulation within the preparation of war interventions) examples, the public reacts
in decreasing the general trust in the media. Those are, for the science, known reasons with
which has been explained the support of the citizens, and which they gave for the
establishment either regulations or self-regulation which has, for the goal, the increase of the
medias responsibility and journalists for the public word.
Within the field of public politics, the described mood of the citizens did not stay
without an echo. Many European states have destined to provide their own contribution to the
strengthening of the Bodies that will create codexs of professional ethics (Belgium,
Denmark, Portugal, Cyprus). They have initiated the creation of the Press Council (or Media
Council) ensuring for them the premises and funding is for the beginning of the work.
d) Verification and timely review with false information: Sometimes due to
qualifications or hurry, or even planned activity, some members have posted false
information on social networks. The individual members or the concerned
organizations and individuals should promptly verify and respond in order to
correct the information. If there was a rumor in the past that the speed of
transmission was slow, now the speed of propagation through websites and social
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networks has increased. For the false information that has a great influence on
society, in addition to the community fighting for the truth, the authorities should
promptly stop such information, including the technology and executive.
After that, they leave for those bodies to take care of the responsibility for the public
word of the media and journalists (after all, in social media everybody, at least, thinks that
he/she is the journalist) without interfering with their work. In other examples, and especially
when in question are codexs and editorial guidelines of RTV companies like Public
broadcasting service the representative of the state has their word within the bodies which
adopts and bring their own documents. Mainly, indirect presence of the representative of the
state ensures through the way of choosing/electing of the members of the independent
regulatory agencies which monitor the work of electronic media (the right of the State to,
within national borders, issue the license for work up to now nobody denies). Finally, aside of
strengthening the self-regulations, the state, in case of the need, allowed in the democratic
society, intervene also by its legislative activity. At the same time, the state creates legal
norms through which covers appearances which have been overlooked by codexs of
professional ethics, or which one has not been overlooked, or which one is not approbating.
Media literacy, if it is, in an appropriate way entered the society, through suitable and
adequate educational processes, can be a help in the defining of the possibility of the
development of a society of immediate democratic consciousness.
However, there is one more thing which we cannot avoid at all, when we are talking
about the truth within one society, regardless of which ideological array it is about. Namely,
Martin Luther (15th century) sealed off the end of visual culture of the metaphysical era, in
which the people have not been reminded on divine order through the listening of Latin
articles but through the watching of the painted biblical messages with the saying: Christs
kingdom is the kingdom of listening and not the kingdom of watching. But, the speculator of
today, who, under the impression of slashing universalism of its culture, proclaimed and
founded revisualization of the communication culture as the promise of the future, was the
Hungarian artist Bela Balasz (during the 1920s).
He underlined the visual as the new truth, and it is visible that we have anesthesia of
the social order as the domination of visualizing comparison with what is in written and/or
spoken word. Today, 90 % of information that goes towards our brain is visual and we are
getting to the social media that encircles visualization with written and spoken word within
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virtual reality. Sometimes we really do need to ask ourselves the question: Is our real-world
really the real world or is it within a virtual online world?
This study, within the scientific sense, continues and widens possible debate about the
role and importance of media literacy within the society, as a basic presumption exactly of
the development of the society, and not the creation of the obedient followers who will carry
out simple wishes of the principals. Simply, to avoid arbiters/intermediates with the
possibility of executing conclusions, on time and based on arguments, for the benefit of the
society as the whole within critical observations, thinking and also, by all means, through the
adequate actions.
Enhancing propaganda and education to raise public awareness: The websites
themselves or social networks are only tools for users to use. The dark side of social media
exists only when the sense of community is not fully educated. The principles should be
raised and educated to the community when participating in social media.
At a time when anyone with an internet connection can be a publisher and anyone
with a Twitter account can report from the event scene, which is different from professional
media to amateurs. It is the discipline, values and morality that guide their work. Whether
you’re a reporter, editor, photographer / cinematographer, a graphic designer or an public
relation expert, virtually every choice you make will examine media ethics and values
friend. Every story, image, video or advertising effort has consequences. On a good day, the
consequences are consistent with the values of your career: telling the story fully and
fairly; witness to the world around you; to speak for the voiceless; hold the power to calculate
and give people the information they need to make enlightened decisions about their
lives.
On other days, you may have a conflict between your professional duties and your
basic human impulses. You can fight to maintain your sense of fairness, balance and
objectivity. You may be asked to lie. Your actions can cause real harm to your subject, your
community, your publication,; Your career identity. These are all moral dilemmas. They are
not easily solved in absolute right / wrong, black / white format. Ethical landscapes, in the
mass media and in life, are often painted gray. They are not easily solved in absolute right /
wrong, black / white format. Ethical landscapes, in the mass media and in life, are often
painted gray. They are not easily solved in absolute right / wrong, black / white
format. Ethical landscapes, in the mass media and in life, are often painted gray.
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III.Ethical communication in social media
Today,
in
any
field,
people
often
question
ethics
and
professional
conscience. Because, if there is no morality at work, the distance between practicing properly
and taking advantage of the profession to profit is just as thin as a hair. In the field of
communication, the moral story is more focused than ever. Indeed, for communication to
really achieve results requires a lot from the media and the recipient.
a) On the media side
The media must write in such a way that it is simple, honest, objective, and deep and
humane. It can be said that honesty is the first chapter of a human book. Therefore, the
ultimate criterion of a media person is to write real, true but not rough, elaborate words but
not clichés. A false or distorted information, the consequences are immeasurable. On the
contrary, a timely, accurate and truthful information will have a pervasive and positive
impact on human life and society. The language must be refined in a way that is suitable for
all classes of the public, so that the intellectuals can understand it, but the common people are
also good.
We need to learn the most neutral way of writing so that PhDs and professors do not
feel insipid and uninteresting, but the common people can understand and understand
them. The pen of the media must be like the light source leading the way, so that everyone
can look to the pinnacle of Truthfulness-Compassion-Forbearance. Therefore, those engaged
in this work must always cultivate themselves with the skills and knowledge necessary to
benefit readers. It’s not easy to write and write well, but we can do it.
b) Media ethics
Create media ethics is not only to go to the end that injustice makes, that finding
justice for the disadvantaged, but they must use their own pen, with honesty and sense of
responsibility. When writing about human sufferings, it means that we bring the sufferings of
earthly people into our bodies, to understand, sympathize and share with them. That’s how the
media lives the newsletter they wrote and makes it live forever with time. Therefore, the
ethical issue of the media people is always a respected story, especially in the information
explosion today.
The morality of the media is not just about being brave, daring to rush into the most
dangerous places to uncover the negative sides of society, but once they write something,
they dare to take responsibility for what I wrote. Commenting, criticizing, agreeing or
protesting is the common sense that the media people need to receive.
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We need to identify the strong ideology so that everyone who compliments and does
not rush to be proud and proud, but consider it a motivation to continue to strive and
improve ourselves; anyone who criticizes is not in a hurry to be discouraged and frowned
upon, but is an opportunity to look back at himself, to re-write his writing, to comment, how
to evaluate the issue in an objective and honest way. Because only when we look back at
ourselves can we know that we are still a person full of imperfection, a limited knowledge,
and we must strive to improve ourselves every day. The courage to confront the public to
improve themselves is the necessary quality of the media. That quality represents a person
who is trained in an adult way.
We must know how to write (It is not difficult to write. It is difficult to know how to
write, S.H., 2013) short but not missing, written long but not redundant. Media people need to
choose a unique writing style so that readers feel understandable and charismatic. We must
write how to praise but not to praise or praise that is not flattering, flattering; criticism but not
criticism, criticism that is not deposed, insulting or teaching face to life.
We write how the compliment is not complacent, the critic is not guilty, selfdeprecating. We must write so that when someone reads your article, people seem to be
enriched with life, increased joy and rejoicing in hope, not boredom, despair. We write
articles, make reports not to expect people to appreciate them, nor to affirm our names, and
not to have someone idolize us, but to write with all the responsibility, equal to both heart and
heart mass. Only when you can do that, you will be successful.
In the current age of information explosion, those who work in the field of
communication outside of society have found it difficult, much less so for those who are
carrying out the Gospel communication mission. They face the opportunities and challenges
of the times. Therefore, articles, news items, reports or videos of ethical events and activities
must convey the message of the Gospel, helping readers to recognize the presence of God
among heart of the world. We must write how to bring God to everyone in every
way. Writing on how not to fragment a whole paragraph of the Word of God, but even one
sentence makes one experience God’s love, it is also a success.
c) On the readers side
If the writer needs to be ethical then the reader should also have this quality. Because
writing a profound and valuable article is a great work, it is still difficult to know how to
read, think and feel from what you have read. What information must we choose to
read? How do we read that information? And digesting them is a problem. Today, “reading
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culture” is getting more and more attention, especially on the internet today there are millions
of things to read. This forces the reader to be alert, to think clearly before and after. Reading
is not just reading for fun, for sorrow or killing time, but after reading what lessons we have
learned, what message does the author want to convey to us? That is art. Of media literacy.
Ethical behavior and social responsibility are treated to the growing importance and
prominence of the corporate world, the government, the public and other stakeholders around
the globe. The reputation and success of the organizations (and the individuals involved with
them) are increasingly closely tied to the level of ethical conduct, social responsibility and
accountability to a range of stakeholders. Society and government also want the business
world and nonprofits to behave ethically and responsibly to society.
Ethics and social responsibility issues arise in professional journalism, a little in all
industries, in government and in the context of personal decision-making. Failure to identify
and effectively address these issues may be, and all too often already had, serious impact on
individuals, companies, governments, stakeholders and society. A major challenge is to
identify ethical issues as they arise. Another is to realize why they arise. A third challenge is
figuring out how to deal with them.
In our post-industrial society, the social component plays a key role in knowledge
acquisition – and this is due to several reasons:
1. A society of socially oriented services. (Industrial society has turned towards
science and technology).
2. The success of communication technology. A certain devaluation of the value of
knowledge supports communication. For the first time in the history of modern civilization,
humans were able to intelligently communicate, regardless of distance and, in some sense,
even regardless of time. (Hadiali? S., 2018)
3. Forms of changing social consciousness, as well as ways of forming them. The
modern means of communication raises the social component of reality to an unprecedented
level.
4. Personality and identity are being shaped in a new way. Personality increasingly
manifests itself in cyberspace, which is a new international social reality. (Hadiali? S., 2016)
One of the main characteristics characteristic of industrial social education is its social
orientation towards formalization / standardization. The meaning and terminology of a formal
curriculum, a formal classroom, and a formal lesson is established in the age of
enlightenment. The classroom learning environment unifies and standardizes the relationship
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between teachers and students, thus determining the social role of teachers in the community.
In contrast to prehistoric social education, which is personalized education, industrial society
can be characterized as having social education. In contrast, post-industrial societies are more
regarded as service societies than productive societies.
Developing a modern society is associated with the rapid development of
communication and, consequently, the unprecedented socialization of society. In these cases,
it can be seen in the form of various social networks, blogs, Web, meaning 2.0 and Web 3.0,
etc., which have changed the way of life to no longer millions, but billions of people and
becoming more and more common in our daily lives. Our personal and social relationships
are changing rapidly. This, in turn, has affected both education at the level of the educational
process and at the level of the learning environment.
As is well known, the task of forming learners’ personalities is one of the main
pedagogical methods tasked with educators today. In previous societies, this task was done
by the education system. Recent learning environments are not just customized micro worlds,
but instead are individual micro worlds built into cyberspace and connected to each other.
Although, the disadvantages of cyberspace such as lack of privacy; excessive exposure of
contact information; lack of media knowledge as a tool for critical and observational thinking
can be avoided only with appropriate media education, above all.
IV. Responsibilities of teachers and journalists in social media environment
On the teacher side:
Teacher’s awareness is one of the most important personal variables influencing their
participation in a modern educational environment, including sophisticated search, processing
of information collected in an online environment, forums. discussion, etc. Activities such as
planning how to approach a given task, monitoring understanding, assessing the progress of
completing a task, and knowledge of these activities are perceptive in nature.
Therefore, an important step in improving the outcome of the educational
environment is to gain clarity regarding the impact of awareness on the extent and frequency
of teachers and learners putting themselves in the learning process. in online forum
discussions. This correlates with the content of students and teachers participating in online
discussions and thus, facilitates the building of collective knowledge. It is important to design
an online interactive context to support an identity presence in ways that foster awareness and
develop students’ soft skills to build a community of collective knowledge rather than just
sharing. Personal experiences and insights in presentation related to media education.
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In the post-industrial classroom, the process can be much shorter: from learning
materials, surfing the web and searching, the process can include content analysis and
preservation and, eventually, lead to curating. . It is important to emphasize that the apparent
superficiality of the modern educational process, compared to the traditional process, may be
just a perception. Perhaps we are simply not familiar with the new reality of the information
which in turn (and of course) needs to be investigated.
Personalization is presented as a new phenomenon. Online personal identity
characterized by the recent popular activity of people – their lives in cyberspace. Socialization
is expressed as a phenomenon of Social Media, characterized by new forms of social
relations and public awareness of a post-virtualization society. Personalization, expressed as a
new form of online personalization and socialization, expressed in various forms of social
media, is an accurate and useful concept to research and better understand the industrial
social education environment.
On the journalist side:
In parallel, with a shift regarding new media issues among professional journalists in
journalism faces a number of ethical questions.
The development of digital publishing technology easily brings new ethical issues to
journalists. Even when the media write scary stories that Facebook can cause cancer, sexual
diseases and be a danger to your children, the newspapers use it as a valuable research tool.
Whenever a young person has news, Facebook or other similar social networks is
often a ready source of images. No more news or waiting for a family to choose a cherished
photo to hand over. A journalist can now take pictures directly from social media, and often,
in the most tragic cases, the newspaper republishes the praises for the lost friends. network.
According to the Press Law, anyone who violates professional ethics will have their
journalist’s card deprived of their right to practice. Among 10 articles on professional ethics
of Vietnamese journalists, there is a very important content, that when participating in social
networks, journalists must uphold the sense of responsibility and standards. The standard here
is to see what is right, what is good to protect, to see what is wrong must fight, criticize and
eliminate. There has been a phenomenon in the official newspaper that expresses a viewpoint,
but on social media, the journalist expresses a different point of view, even contrary to the
official position expressed in the newspaper. Those are “two-sided” journalists.
Professional journalists, with personal responsibility:
Int
