CHRONIC ILLNESS 2

Chronic illness

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Introduction

Chronic disease can be referred to as an ongoing human health condition that lasts for more than three months which limits the daily living activities or access to medical attention. Chronic diseases have been established as the leading cause of fatalities around the globe. Chronic kidney disease has been established to causing renal failure and since kidneys are responsible for the filtration of excess fluids and waste from the blood the result of kidney failure is the building up of wastes (Daugirdas, 2012).

There are two main causes of Chronic kidney disease which are high blood pressure and diabetes. Fatalities can occur from acute kidney failure and require immediate intensive treatment, still, this condition is reversible and with good health conditions individuals can be able to regain normality or nearly normality of kidney functions. However, other individuals may require a kidney transplant (Bomback & Bakris, 2010).

Chronic kidney disease support needs

Chronic kidney disease diagnosis may be devastating hence the creation of both emotional and physical changes in life which is mostly accompanied by difficulties in psychological and social challenges. Patients with chronic kidney disease require different needs (Himmelfarb & Sayegh, 2010).

Medication management

This is the most important need since all patients need to get back to their normal health conditions. Kidney dialysis and treatment is costly and hence the provision of medication management is a crucial support need for chronic kidney disease patients (Thomas & Othersen, 2016).

Peer support

This is based on the fact that individuals who have been previously in a similar position are in the best position in helping support their peers with both treatment and experience for chronic kidney disease. Peer support is established as a crucial component for the preparation of patients for renal replacement therapy and quality pre-dialysis (Daugirdas, 2012).

Diet and nutrition information

This will ensure Chronic kidney disease patients have nutritional information which is required to help dialysis patients to fluid intake and renal diet restrictions. This includes information concerning renal recipe varieties available for CKD (Himmelfarb & Sayegh, 2010).

Education

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients require education about CKD, the progression of CKD risk factors and RRT treatment which should be based regarding the different states of CKD. When CKD patients have timely education bout their condition, family members and close friends its critical for both PD and HD and which consequently enhances cost reduction and improves outcomes (Bomback & Bakris, 2010).

Early referral to a nephrologist

The basic care to patients with stage 1 and 2 chronic kidney disease is referring them to a nephrologist which should be treated via primary care while the role of the nephrologist is evident through the provision of RRT. Late referral increases the chances of mortality and makes treatment costly (Daugirdas, 2012).

Professional caregivers intervention to CKD patients

Nursing intervention through education application, dietary methods and cognitive behaviour have greatly impacted both physical and emotional health of chronic kidney disease patients. The nursing intervention has progressively been established as being constantly crucial to a patient’s dialysis compliance improvement. These interventions include training, education and behavioural introduction which greatly impact the patient’s knowledge concerning dialysis and development of healthy lifestyles which bring about treatment compliance. Nursing intervention facilitates dialysis compliance of patients. The nursing intervention has been established as a key benefit in the raising of compliance to dialysis which is evidence provided to the strengthening of nursing care to chronic kidney disease patients (Bomback & Bakris, 2010).

Implementation of Healthy People 2020 CKD objectives

Healthy People 2020 contains main objective goals which are the attainment of high-quality longer lives which are free of diseases that can be prevented, injury, disability or cases of premature deaths. Again, Healthy People 2020 advocates for health equity through the elimination of health disparities and improvement of all group’s health matters with the creation of physical and social environments which encourages the promotion of better health care for all. Healthy People 2020 has been seen in promoting the quality of life through the development of healthy life behaviour across all stages of life (Daugirdas, 2012).

The attainment of Healthy People 2020 chronic kidney disease objectives may read to a decrease in the kidney disease burden with longer lives attributed to the improvement of quality of life of individuals living with chronic kidney disease which translates to disparities elimination among patients with kidney diseases. This can be done through a reduction in the proportion of individuals with CKD who have elevated blood pressure through the increment in the proportion of individuals living with CKD on receiving medical evaluation with substances such as lipids and serum creatinine. Also, improvement of cardiovascular care in individuals living with CKD which translates to improved vascular accessibility to hemodialysis patients and reduction in kidney failure as a result of diabetes. The objective of Health People 2020 on CKD generally leads to a reduction in fatalities of persons with renal disease in end-stage (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2015).

Nursing advocacy role in acceptance and diagnosis of CKD and treatment

Dialysis is critical in chronic kidney disease patient’s treatment which has been established to prolong survival time and improving the quality of life. Dialysis has been established to facilitate the removal and excretion of harmful and metabolic wastes from the body of the patient. Patients poor compliance could have a negative influence on the effects of dialysis, for instance, if patients strictly control their dietary fluid intake daily, there would be need of extra excretion power consequently this could lead to bone demineralization, metabolic disorder, damage on the cardiovascular, pulmonary oedema and in other cases leading to death (Himmelfarb & Sayegh, 2010).

The nursing intervention has progressively been established as being constantly crucial to a patient’s dialysis compliance improvement. These interventions include training, education and behavioural introduction which greatly impact the patient’s knowledge concerning dialysis and development of healthy lifestyles which bring about treatment compliance (Daugirdas, 2012).

The most commonly reported assessment compliance indicators to date include interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) and serum phosphorus. Generally, compliance inconsistence measures remain, for instance, studies indicate biomarker changes after undergoing intervention. Thus, a nursing intervention which affordable and readily available is crucial for dialysis compliance improvement (undefined, 2008).

Environmental impact on chronic kidney disease patients

Social and environmental factors have established to be impactive on the health of patients living with chronic kidney disease. These factors have greatly contributed to racial disparities that contribute to kidney diseases which include low household income which translates to poverty which makes it difficult or impossible to achieve health insurance. Levels of education is also a key impact since low education levels are greatly associated with substance abuse. Poor diet lifestyles may be also impactive on CKD since it leads to adverse health conditions such as obesity and stress while both behavioural and cultural factors have an impact on chronic kidney disease (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2015).

Conclusion

Chronic kidney disease has two main causes which are high blood pressure and diabetes. The attainment of Healthy People 2020 chronic kidney disease objectives may read to a decrease in the kidney disease burden with longer lives attributed to the improvement of quality of life of individuals living with chronic kidney disease which translates to disparities elimination among patients with kidney diseases (Bomback & Bakris, 2010).

The nursing intervention has progressively been established as being constantly crucial to a patient’s dialysis compliance improvement. Social and environmental factors have established to be impactive on the health of patients living with chronic kidney disease (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2015).

References

Bomback, A. S., & Bakris, G. L. (2010). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypertension essentials. Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Daugirdas, J. T. (2012). Handbook of chronic kidney disease management. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Himmelfarb, J., & Sayegh, M. H. (2010). Chronic kidney disease, dialysis, and transplantation E-book: A companion to Brenner and rector’s the kidney – Expert consult: Online and print. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Stanhope, M., & Lancaster, J. (2015). Public health nursing: Population-centered health care in the community. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Thomas, L. K., & Othersen, J. B. (2016). undefined. CRC Press.

undefined. (2008). Royal College of Physicians.