Global Food Security Paper
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The members of theUnited Nations found great value in the whitepaper you provided onpopulation growth. They are now asking you to expand the whitepaper toinclude global food security as it relates to population growth andpoverty. Read the overview and provide an assessment based on thequestions below.
I.Overview
Wecan define global food security as the effort to build food systemsthat can feed everyone, everywhere, and every day by improving itsquality and promoting nutritional agriculture (1). That said, there arecertain practices that can advance this project:
Identifying the underlying causes of hunger and malnutrition
Investing in country-specific recovery plans
Strengthening strategic coordination with institutions like the UN and the World Bank
Encouraging developed countries to make sustained financial commitments to its success
Wemust bear in mind that more than 3 billion peoplenearly one-half ofthe world’s populationsubsist on as little as $2.50 a day, with nearly1.5 billion living in extreme poverty on less than $1.25 a day.According to the World Health Organization, the United Nations, andother relief agencies, about 20,000 people (mostly children) starve todeath in the world every day, for a total of about 7 million people ayear. In addition, about 750 million (twice the population of the UnitedStates) do not have access to clean drinking water, meaning that someone million people die every year from diarrhea caused by water-bornediseases.
Theearth’s population has grown since it reached 7 billion in 2010. It isexpected to reach 8 billion in 2025, 9 billion in 2040, and 11 billionby the end of the 21st century (2). If the demand for food ispredicted to rise 50% by 2030 and 70% by 2050, the real problem is notnecessarily growing enough food, but rather making that amount availableto people. Moreover, food illnesses are prevalent, with nearly 600million reported cases of foodborne diseases each year. These mainlyaffect children but can also negatively impact the livelihood offarmers, vendors, trade associations, and ultimately, can reduce theGross Domestic Product (national income) of a country. These issues canimpose tremendous human, economic, social, and fiscal costs oncountries, so addressing them allows governments to devote moreresources to making desperately needed infrastructure improvements thatraise the quality of life for everyone.
Itis not enough to have adequate supplies of food available. Policiesthat focus exclusively on food production can exacerbate the problem,particularly if, to satisfy the need for quantity, the quality of thefood is left wanting.
Reasons for Food Insecurity
Certainly,poverty and the contributing systemic internal conditions are thedriving factors behind keeping adequate food resources from reachingpeople, but it is only one of several. Others are discussed next.
Inadequate Food Distribution:The reality is that there is more than enough food in the world to feedits people, but the primary cause of famine is not poor weatherconditions as much as it is getting the food to the people who need itmost. Quite often, disruptions in food distribution result frompolitical instability and poor infrastructure (such as poorlyfunctioning port facilities, lack of transportation options, andinadequate road networks). Paradoxically, although the world’spopulation is increasing, the amount of potential food available willincrease along with it, due mostly to advances in bio-agriculturalengineering and seed immunity to molds.
Writingin the late 18th century, Thomas Malthus warned that the globalpopulation would exceed the earth’s capacity to grow food, in that whilethe population would grow exponentially, food production would growonly arithmetically. Although this theory was proved invalid, itspropagation has unfortunately resulted in some governments rationalizingpolitical choices that avoid helping the poverty-ridden and starving.
Political-Agricultural Practices: Thewidespread use of microbiological, chemical, and other forms ofpesticides in food continues to be a serious issue throughout the globalfood chain. Widespread use of fertilizers also causes illness inmillions of people every year, not only from the food itself, but fromrun-off into streams and rivers, contaminating entire water supplies.The human, social, fiscal, and economic costs of such practices impedeimprovements not only in the raising of cr
