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CSR, and International
Development
Recap from previous topic
Objectives
• Private sector
• How governments and their international
arms and international agencies, grouped
under the umbrella of United Nations, had
struggled to rid the planet of underdevelopment and poverty.
Question:
The business of business is business. So
why should corporations be involved in
international development?
What is Development?
• According to economists is the
maximization of economic growth.
• A social phenomenon that involved more
than increasing per capita output and thus
should also include the elimination of
poverty, unemployment and inequality.
(Dudley Seers)
Can corporations add an
additional momentum?
?Private sector has to take more
responsibility for development than ever
before
?Large companies command immense
power and reach
?Apple the biggest in terms of market
capitalization worth US$450 billion.
Can corporations add an
additional momentum?
?Corporations have been generous in
philanthropic giving.
?Around US$25 billion cash sum of
contributions across all respondents.
Example: they raised funds for the victims of
Asian Tsunami
Can corporations add an
additional momentum?
?In terms of money multi-national
enterprises (MNEs) can be powerful
engine for development.
?However, there is no doubt that nation
states will continue to be the power of last
resort.
The new way is CSR
How does CSR related to the issue of
development?
> Corporation has more interest in
philanthropy (charitable giving) than
development.
?Development is a wider concept than
purely philanthropy.
The new way is CSR
?development projects are more
complicated than charitable donations that
hand over cash directly for a school or
hospital.
?Development means working with local
partners as well as public institutions to
create sustainable projects.
?The best development project is to help
people to help themselves.
The new way is CSR
?Corporations are not experts in
development, although this may now have
changed.
?There where instances where companies
provide direct grants to projects that are
unsustainable.
The new way is CSR
Example:
Coca-cola funded a hospital in Mozambique;
it was beautiful, modern, had the latest
equipment, etc. when Coca-cola executives
returned to the site a few months later, the
hospital was being used as housing for the
many homeless people and much of the
equipment has been “sold”.
The new way is CSR
?With some failures of public institutions,
corporations must be involved in
development.
?Some companies consider CSR as purely
corporate philanthropy. However,
companies such as Shell, BP of the Cooperative Bank see CSR as the new
corporate strategic framework.
Question:
Corporations have always been involved in
philanthropy (development) so what’s the
difference with CSR?
CSR vs Philanthropy
CSR is NOT the same as corporate
Philanthropy.
?CSR is a system-wide concept that
touches all the stakeholders of a
corporation,
?Philanthropy does little or nothing to help
companies make profits,
?While all CSR activities are linked to
improving a company’s bottom line.
?CSR is before profit, and not simply a
means to escape taxation on profits by
donating to philanthropic causes.
?Any contributions by companies to
development must be sustainable where
most philanthropy is not.
Why would corporations be
interested in development?
1. Reputation is improved since it is built
around intangibles such as trust,
reliability, quality, consistency, credibility,
relationships and transparency, and
tangibles such as investment in people,
diversity and environment.
2. Access to finance is greatly improved as
socially responsible investment (SRI)
becomes more and more important.
Why would corporations be
interested in development?
3. CSR is an important factor for employee
motivation and attracting, motivating and
retaining top-quality employers.
4. innovation, creativity, intellectual and
capital learning are helped by a positive
CSR strategy.
5. Better risk management can be achieved
by in-depth analysis of relations with
external stakeholders.
Why would corporations be
interested in development?
6. CSR positively helps in the building of
relationships with host governments,
communities and other stakeholders and
can be of vital importance should the
company encounter future difficulties with
regard to its investment decisions. CSR
gives a company a “competitive
advantage over companies with poor
images”
Why would corporations be
interested in development?
7. Greater CSR is linked to the heightened
public debate on the benefits and
shortcomings of globalization and the
perceived role of business in this
process.
8. The energy, technology and management
skills learnt and honed in large
companies are increasingly being made
available for the management of poverty
alleviation.
Why would corporations be
interested in development?
9. There is a growing consensus of a
“planetary bargain” whereby beggar-thyneighbor policies of companies through
using the cheapest labour, the most
pollution industries, etc. are in the interest
of neither the companies concerned nor
their consumers.
Actions that corporations take to
enhance CSR
1. Simply say that it is focusing on profit
maximization for its shareholders and
claim that development is none of its
business.
2. Work on a partial approach such as with
the UN Global Compact and support that
process.
Actions that corporations take to
enhance CSR
3. Engage fully with its stakeholders and
explore options for furthering
development efforts while ensuring that
the actions it takes are fully in line with
preserving shareholder value.
4 Development Actions inside
the Company
1. The adoption of a fully fledged approach
to CSR inside a company has a number
of benefits.
? CSR policies can be a “lightning rod” for
other companies.
? CSR makes good business sense in different
ways (example: consumers develop a higher
degree of identification with companies that
have good policies and practices)
4 Development Actions inside
the Company
2. Companies that maintain environmental and
health standards, propagate transparent
business practices, protect human rights in
the workplace, and work against corruption
are widely respected and appear as more
attractive to shareholders, reduce the
possibility of industrial action and maintain
working environment that leads to higher
worker productivity.
4 Development Actions inside
the Company
3. A strong anti-corruption culture needs to be
built within the organization through active
support from the senior management.
4. An MNE needs to create a vision statement
on how it can (and does) assist in
development.
9 Development Actions outside
the Company
1. In the area of public-private partnership in
poverty alleviation, companies need to
partner with public institutions.
? Not much a company can do to reduce national
poverty
? Working with national governments to establish how
best the private sector can stimulate economic
growth for poor people is in the interest of both the
government and the company
? Public-private partnership for tackling man-made or
natural disasters can also speed up reconstruction
activities.
9 Development Actions outside
the Company
2. The improving of people’s skills in a
myriad of ways is undoubtedly the best
way to create development. This can be
done through:
? Education
? Training
? Skill development
? Capacity development
9 Development Actions outside
the Company
3. Small and medium-sized enterprises
(SMEs) are where most new employment
occurs in developing as well as in
industrialized countries.
?MNEs have a role to play either directly
through assisting SMEs to improve their
management, marketing, technological and
financial skills, or indirectly.
9 Development Actions outside
the Company
4. Helping people to help themselves is a
key mantra to encourage development.
5. There is little development without
investment in emerging market economies
and then a need to work towards allowing
emerging market exports to be freely
imported into the rich countries.
9 Development Actions outside
the Company
6. To many, CSR is simply working with the
local community. Improving local conditions
is in he interest of MNEs to enhance
reputation and preserve harmony.
?Assistance to local communities can help
to improve the purchasing power that
leads to an expansion in the market size.
9 Development Actions outside
the Company
7. Few philanthropic actions are sustainable,
hence the intervention must lead, to a
sustainable result without the need for
continuing philanthropic investment.
8. Development assistance is key in many
countries despite the current wave of
disappointment with past efforts.
9 Development Actions outside
the Company
9. MNE has to be continually involved with
the host government in negotiating all sorts
of deal from land acquisition to taxation to
import and export.
Corporate social development in least developed
countries (LDCs)
CSR ten-point Strategies for companies in
emerging market economies
Inside the company:
1.Develop a CSR strategy that includes an
overall vision for the company’s place in
development.
2.Investigate whether the company is paying
a :living wage” within the company and that
is paying its main suppliers properly and on
time.
CSR ten-point Strategies for companies in
emerging market economies
Inside the company:
3.Work with trade unions to ensure proper
environmental and safety regimes within the
company.
4.Monitor and evaluate the company’s anticorruption policy on a regular basis and
provide ethics training to staff.
CSR ten-point Strategies for companies in
emerging market economies
Outside the company:
1.Work with the government in the host
country to see how the government’s policy
in the area in which the company maybe
working can be enhanced.
2.Be pro-active in lending in-house training
skills to a wider public and train locals in
necessary skills.
CSR ten-point Strategies for companies in
emerging market economies
Outside the company:
3.Assist the creation an improvement of
SMEs through the setting up of an advisory
office and / or joining with other public sector
or NGO partners.
4.Be involved in mentoring budding
entrepreneurs.
CSR ten-point Strategies for companies in
emerging market economies
Outside the company:
5.Invest to support wider development
objectives of the host country.
6.Ensure community or philanthropic
company initiatives are sustainable in the
development sense, and involve both local
partners and communities in development
efforts.
Question:
• Can CSR pave the way for sustainable
development?
Answer
YES!
• CSR has been the hook for corporations to
examine wider role in society in ways that
have never been done before.
• CSR combines with the power of
technological capacity of corporations
provides additional motivation for
corporations and the private sector itself
to be more involved in development.
MID-TERM EXAM (TAKE HOME)
Corporate Social Responsibility
Course Code: MGMT612
Total marks: 20
Due Date: 22 March 2024, 11 pm
CSR Ten-Point Strategy
Objectives:
• To discuss CSR and explain its importance to Multinational Companies (MNCs)
operating in emerging market economies.
• To describe the CSR ten-point strategy implemented by the emerging market
economy to foster sustainable development.
• To evaluate the effectiveness of each point in addressing key social, economic, and
environmental challenges.
• To analyze how the chosen international company implemented the strategies
inside and outside the company
• To propose two innovative (2) CSR initiatives that their chosen international
company could undertake to support the goal of the ten-point strategy to pave the
way for sustainable development and at the same time enhance its corporate
reputation and competitiveness
This is an individual assessment.
1
Task
This assessment requires you to research one (1) international company coming from an
emerging market economy that reports CSR.
Do the following:
1. Discuss Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and explain its importance to MNCs
operating in emerging market economies.
2. Describe the CSR ten-point strategies implemented by the emerging market economy to
foster sustainable development. Evaluate the effectiveness of each point in addressing key
social, economic, and environmental challenges.
3. Choose one international company and analyze how they implemented the following:
a. Two (2) strategies inside the company
b. Two (2) Strategies outside the company
4. Propose innovative two (2) CSR initiatives that your chosen international company could
undertake to support the goal of the ten-point strategies to pave the way for sustainable
development and at the same time enhance its corporate reputation and competitiveness.
Required Actions
You are required to do the following:
•
•
•
•
Introduce the chosen companies by providing their company profile.
The word count is between 1000 to 1,150 words (excluding the title page, table of
contents, reference list and appendix).
Use Microsoft Word to type the report. Your take-home exam submission should
be typed, not written/drawn by hand.
On completion, submit the take-home exam via the Take-home exam upload link
on the Blackboard.
2
Structure
Make sure to demonstrate effective planning, researching, preparing and presenting
your example case study. Your report should follow the below structure:
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Title page;
o Write the section number, name and student ID.
Table of contents;
o List all the headings and/or sub-headings with their page numbers.
Introduction
o Introduce your chosen companies by giving their company profile.
Knowledge and understanding of CSR in emerging market economies.
o Discuss Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and explain its importance to
MNCs operating in emerging market economies.
CSR ten-point strategies analysis and evaluation
o Describe the CSR ten-point strategies implemented by the emerging market
economies to foster sustainable development. Evaluate the effectiveness of each
point in addressing key social, economic, and environmental challenges. on
your understanding of the CSR principles and best practices.
o Choose one international company and analyze how they implemented the
following:
? Two (2) strategies inside the company
? Two (2) Strategies outside the company
Creativity and analysis
o Propose innovative two (2) CSR initiatives that your chosen international
company could undertake to support the goal of the CSR ten-point
strategies to pave the way for sustainable development and at the same
time enhance its corporate reputation and competitiveness.
Conclusion.
o Wrap up and summarize your findings and learnings.
Reference List;
o Acknowledge and cite the sources that you have used to form your
arguments.
o List all the sources that have been cited in the report.
Appendix;
o Appendix is not compulsory but if you want to share some extra
information about your take-home exam, present it in the appendix
section.
3
Marking Criteria
Your take-home exam will be assessed and marked using the bellow criteria.
•
•
•
•
Level of knowledge and understanding about the CSR ten-point CSR strategies in
emerging market economies.
o Depth of research and analysis
o Understanding of topic
o Links between theory and practice
CSR evaluation, analysis and creativity
o Coherent and logical structure
Writing quality
o English writing requirements (such as no use of first person, and no
grammatical/spelling errors).
o Provision of page numbers
Use of references
o Citation and referencing style
Submission Guidelines
The take-home mid-term exam must be typed on white A4 paper with 1.0 spacing and a
3.0 cm margin at the top and bottom of the page, and on the right-hand and left-hand
sides. You should use 12-point font for the text and 14-point font for headings, Times
New Roman (preferred).
Your take-home exam should be grammatically correct and well-punctuated. As a
university student, a high standard of written English is expected. Your take-home
exam should be clear, concise, neatly presented, and easy to read. Failure to comply
with these requirements will result in a significant loss of marks. Your take-home exam
must be creative pieces of work written and not submitted for assessment purposes for
any program of study at this, or any other, institution.
Due dates will be firmly adhered to and hence extensions will be approved only in cases
of demonstrated urgent need or emergency. A penalty of 20% per day will be deducted
from the assessment mark and after 4 days a zero mark will be recorded.
You should be aware that with regard to take-home exams and other academic work,
plagiarism will not be accepted. In learning we build upon the ideas of others. When we
do not acknowledge the source of these ideas and treat them as own, or when we copy
the thoughts or words of others, we engage in plagiarism. This is dishonest conduct, and
is similar to stealing. Thus, it is important that students develop appropriate research
and referencing skills. Plagiarism, the stealing of ideas from another, may take a number
of forms, for example:
4
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Copying, in whole or in part, from printed or other sources without
acknowledgement
Paraphrasing material (stating something in different words) without
acknowledging the source.
Not acknowledging the source of ideas, even when they are put in your own
words.
Copying materials from internet sites or other electronic media without
acknowledgement.
Copying audio-visual or computer materials without acknowledgement.
Reproducing lecture notes without acknowledgment.
Directly quoting another’s work without acknowledgement.
Submitting work written in whole or in part by another (other than in permitted
circumstances such as a group take-home exam).
Submitting individual work that has been undertaken collaboratively with
others (unless such collaboration has been authorized).
Submitting statistical information or other facts reported by another without
due acknowledgement.
Taking phrases or terms from some source and placing them in your own work
without acknowledgement.
Self-plagiarism’ – submitting work that has already been submitted in another
course or institution.
Using unpublished materials.
Copying from another student’s work.
Summarizing another person’s work without appropriate referencing.
Cutting and pasting from sources without acknowledgement.
5
Marking Criteria
1. Level of research
and analysis. Depth
of research. Depth of
analysis
2 Knowledge of the
topic and application
of theory.
Understanding of
topic Links between
theory and practice
3. Organization of
ideas
Coherent and logical
structure
And ability to draw
together ideas into a
professional report.
Management of
word count and
structure
4. Writing quality
English writing
requirements (such
as no use of first
person, no
grammatical/ spelling
errors).
Provision of page
numbers
Assess
ment
Weight
UNACCEPTABL
E (0-20)%
BELOW
AVERAGE (3050)%
ACCEPTABLE
(60-80)%
OUTSTANDING
(90-100)%
30
Not clarified the
importance of the
subject to the
audience and no
research was
done at all
Partially clarified
the importance of
the subject to the
audience and no
research was
done at all.
Mostly fulfilled
clarified the
importance of the
subject to the
audience and got
their attention
some research
work done as
well.
clarified the
importance of
the subject to the
audience and got
their attention.
Extensive
research work
was done as
well.
Not given
Knowledge of
the topic and
application of
theory. No
Understanding
of topic Links
between theory
and practice
Partially given
Knowledge of
the topic and
application of
theory. Partial
Understanding of
topic Links
between theory
and practice.
Mostly given
Knowledge of
the topic and
application of
theory.
Somewhat
Understanding
of topic Links
between theory
and practice.
Knowledge of
the topic and
application of
theory.
Somewhat
Understanding of
topic Links
between theory
and practice.
Body is not
clearly divided
into main
points.
Partially
described Body
is clearly divided
into main points.
Fully described
Body is clearly
divided into main
points.
Organization of
ideas is not
coherent and
illogical structure
and inability to
draw together
ideas into a
professional
report
Management of
word count and
structure
Organization of
ideas is partially
coherent and
illogical structure
And partial
ability to draw
together ideas
into a
professional
report
Management of
word count and
structure
Mostly
described Body
is clearly
divided into
main points.
Poor Writing
quality
English writing
requirements
(such as no use
of first person,
grammatical/
spelling errors).
No Provision of
page numbers.
Partially
provided English
writing
requirements
(such as use of
first person,
grammatical/
spelling errors).
No Provision of
page numbers
30
30
5
6
Organization of
ideas is mostly
coherent and
logical structure
Most of the
contents have
the ability to
draw together
ideas into a
professional
report
Management of
word count and
structure done
well
Most of the
English writing is
done well (such
as use of first
person,
grammatical/
spelling errors).
Provision of page
numbers
Organization of
ideas are fully
coherent and
logical structure
All the contents
can draw
together ideas
into a
professional
report
Management of
word count and
structure done
well
Fully provided.
(such as use of
first person,
grammatical/
spelling errors).
No Provision of
page numbers
POINTS
Not Shown any
references
5. Use of
references.
Citation and
referencing
style .
5
Total Mark
100
Partially Shown
references but
some are
missing. Not
followed
referencing style
Adjusted Mark out of
20
7
Mostly Shown
references but
some are
missing. Not
followed
referencing style
Fully Shown
references. Fully
followed
referencing style