Respond to two peers’ initial posts with recommendations of strategies that the agency can implement to overcome perceived barriers and inquiry if they have attempted to implement any of these. Student post down below: Growing up I never heard of a homeless person only a vagrant. We were taught they were bad however there was no focus or information on how many were actually homeless in the city. I chose this population since when doing homeless advocacy, I spoke with many diverse people. It seemed that when it came to homelessness gender and race mean nothing as it can happen to anyone. This being said I believe this to be the reason the homeless population has so much diversity. When it comes to needs the homeless have many some need homes, some jobs, some medical treatment for substance abuse, alcoholism, or mental health issues. There is also the aspect of where do they sleep, what do they eat, and how do they survive without help? The society in my community is against the homeless population as the pan handling has become a major issue and tent cities have also created issues. Our homeless situation got worse and finally there was articles being written about the homeless issue. Sherman (2019) explains, ‘homelessness is growing in Massachusetts. Last year, an estimated 20,068 people were experiencing homelessness in Massachusetts, representing a 20.6 percent increase compared to 2010, according to an annual report by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. The numbers, advocates say, are woefully undercounted. ‘The nightmare of why we’re seeing the numbers go so high is because there really is no place for people to live,’ said Robyn Frost, executive director of the Massachusetts Coalition for the Homeless. Massachusetts is historically bad at creating affordable housing. In 1969, the state enacted a law known as Chapter 40B to encourage more development in municipalities where affordable housing totaled less than 10 percent of all homes. Fast forward 50 years, however, and more than 80 percent of the 351 Massachusetts municipalities still fall short of the 10 percent benchmark, according to a Wicked Local report last year. ‘When it comes to diversity this population also needs help from collaborations of organizations as not all serve all needs of the homeless. Heath & Isabell (2017) explain, ‘Understandings of what counts as diversity to collaborative stakeholders varies depending on the collaboration’s orientation.6 Three major orientations to collaboration in part explain some of the primary impetuses for collaborating(1) community reform, (2) conflict resolution, and (3) efficiency of resources.7 Although collaborating organizations are likely to subscribe in some way to all of these orientations, it may be helpful to think of these orientations as foregrounding or backgrounding assumptions and values in interorganizational collaboration. If we understand what is foregrounded as important to stakeholders, we can make better sense of how diversity is understood in different contexts, what strengths and weaknesses exist around this thinking, and ways to fortify collaborative organizing.’ When it comes to the homeless there are some times interpreters are needed, housing services, job help, food, etc. It takes a collaboration of differing organizations in order to accomplish meeting all the needs of the homeless so having diverse collaboration is vital. We just recently finally built a homeless shelter however with Covid-19 it seems the homeless rate is rising even with moratoriums on rent and mortgages. This population is diverse and the help this population needs is also diverse. Tags: Community Development personal hardships unemployment abuse disability User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following Studypool’s honor code & terms of service.
Reference List: Basic Rules
Note: This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style can be found here.
This resource, revised according to the 7th edition APA Publication Manual, provides fundamental guidelines for constructing the reference pages of research papers. For more information, please consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, (7th ed.).
Note: Because the information on this page pertains to virtually all citations, we’ve highlighted one important difference between APA 6 and APA 7 with an underlined note written in red.
Formatting a Reference List
Your reference list should appear at the end of your paper. It provides the information necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve any source you cite in the body of the paper. Each source you cite in the paper must appear in your reference list; likewise, each entry in the reference list must be cited in your text.
Your references should begin on a new page separate from the text of the essay; label this page “References” in bold, centered at the top of the page (do NOT underline or use quotation marks for the title). All text should be double-spaced just like the rest of your essay.
Basic Rules for Most Sources
- All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented one-half inch from the left margin. This is called hanging indentation.
- All authors’ names should be inverted (i.e., last names should be provided first).
- Authors’ first and middle names should be written as initials.
- For example, the reference entry for a source written by Jane Marie Smith would begin with “Smith, J. M.”
- If a middle name isn’t available, just initialize the author’s first name: “Smith, J.”
- Give the last name and first/middle initials for all authors of a particular work up to and including 20 authors (this is a new rule, as APA 6 only required the first six authors). Separate each author’s initials from the next author in the list with a comma. Use an ampersand (&) before the last author’s name. If there are 21 or more authors, use an ellipsis (but no ampersand) after the 19th author, and then add the final author’s name.
- Reference list entries should be alphabetized by the last name of the first author of each work.
- For multiple articles by the same author, or authors listed in the same order, list the entries in chronological order, from earliest to most recent.
- When referring to the titles of books, chapters, articles, reports, webpages, or other sources, capitalize only the first letter of the first word of the title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns.
- Note again that the titles of academic journals are subject to special rules. See section below.
- Italicize titles of longer works (e.g., books, edited collections, names of newspapers, and so on).
- Do not italicize, underline, or put quotes around the titles of shorter works such as chapters in books or essays in edited collections.
Basic Rules for Articles in Academic Journals
- Present journal titles in full.
- Italicize journal titles.
- Maintain any nonstandard punctuation and capitalization that is used by the journal in its title.
- For example, you should use PhiloSOPHIA instead of Philosophia, or Past & Present instead of Past and Present.
- Capitalize all major words in the titles of journals. Note that this differs from the rule for titling other common sources (like books, reports, webpages, and so on) described above.
- This distinction is based on the type of source being cited. Academic journal titles have all major words capitalized, while other sources’ titles do not.
- Capitalize the first word of the titles and subtitles of journal articles, as well as the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and any proper nouns.
- Do not italicize or underline the article title.
- Do not enclose the article title in quotes.
- So, for example, if you need to cite an article titled “Deep Blue: The Mysteries of the Marianas Trench” that was published in the journal Oceanographic Study: A Peer-Reviewed Publication, you would write the article title as follows:
- Deep blue: The mysteries of the Marianas Trench.
- …but you would write the journal title as follows:
- Oceanographic Study: A Peer-Reviewed Publication
- So, for example, if you need to cite an article titled “Deep Blue: The Mysteries of the Marianas Trench” that was published in the journal Oceanographic Study: A Peer-Reviewed Publication, you would write the article title as follows:
Please note: While the APA manual provides examples of how to cite common types of sources, it does not cover all conceivable sources. If you must cite a source that APA does not address, the APA suggests finding an example that is similar to your source and using that format. For more information, see page 282 of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th ed.
