In a business environment, there are many different internal audiences with whom you may communicate, including various departments, different levels of management, and groups with different levels of technical expertise. There are also external audiences, including customers and contractors. Within these audiences, you will also need to consider differences in group dynamics, such as culture. In your initial post, identify one audience that you may communicate with for business purposes. Then discuss the following questions about this audience: Does this audience have technical expertise? If so, what is their level of expertise? How diverse is this audience? Note at least one common difference in the dynamics of this group. Are there any language considerations that need to be made when communicating with this audience? What are the audience’s expectations? Imagine that you are writing an email to a member of this audience. How would you go about crafting that communication? What would you include and exclude? What communications decisions would you make? In response to your peers, offer additional analysis or insight into the expertise, diversity, language, and expectations of your peers’ audiences. Consider whether the considerations detailed would lead to an effective email communication with the noted audience. HERE IS IT : I have spent many years in a support role. I was communicating often with the consumer/end user. The end user audience is very hard to gauge what kind of technical experience they have. Usually a short phone call or face -to- face meeting will help greatly in this. When this activity is not possible, I would have to assume what technical level the end user was on. Unfortunately, the level I found myself using more often than not was a very low remedial technical level. That is not to say that the end user is not smart, but they may lack greatly in the technical field. When conversing with the end user you will run the gambit of technical knowledge. The end user audience is about as diverse as you can get. If they are at a high level of understanding, then I could skip over the more remedial (How To) instructions and conversations. This part of the audience understands what I would be trying to communicate. Therefore, it was much less task oriented and much more instructional. The end result was always the same throughout those experiences. The end users wanted clarity, task instructions, or to better understand the product they were using.When I was creating an email for the consumers, I would usually start off with a paragraph or two to explain the situation. Then I would create a ‘How To’ sheet for their specific issue. This would include steps to do accompanied by pictures. Then I would ask if this was help and if they now have a better understanding of the issue. POST Here is the second peer to respond to : Hello again everyone, To communicate effectively, you must adapt to your audience; therefore, you must know your audience (Audience, 2014). This statement holds true in everyday conversation as well as business and technical communications. For instance, working at Verizon I would not describe the latest technology to our customers the same way I would with my boss and colleagues. I also would not promote it to a 65-year-old the same way I would a 20-year-old. You must adapt your communication standards to that of the audience you are delivering to. When you communicate, the purpose is not what you want to do but instead is what you want your audience to do because of reading what you wrote or listening to what you said (Audience, 2014). In the business environment, we communicate with many different types of people daily, the level of expertise on a given topic will vary amongst all these people and knowing how to relay the necessary information is essential. According to the course textbook, the 3 main audiences we speak with in business are high tech audience, low tech audience and lay audience. Communication could also be directed to a combination of any of these audiences. For my discussion I will focus on the low-tech audience. Low-tech readers are familiar with the technology you are writing about, but their job responsibilities are peripheral to the subject matter. They either work in another department, manage you, work under your supervision, or work outside your company (Gerson, 2016). In my company, our low-tech audience would be our sales and customer service associates. This audience will have limited to no technical expertise and the audience will be very diverse. If I am only communicating with just my location, there would be no language barriers; however, as a global company, if I had to reach out to other locations, I would come across colleagues who may not speak English as their native language. In email communications, I would not include any specific department words and jargon. I would not use any highly technical words that could be exclusive to our high-tech audiences. Tags: Business Environment email communication technical expertise User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following Studypool’s honor code & terms of service.
Reference List: Basic Rules
Note: This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style can be found here.
This resource, revised according to the 7th edition APA Publication Manual, provides fundamental guidelines for constructing the reference pages of research papers. For more information, please consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, (7th ed.).
Note: Because the information on this page pertains to virtually all citations, we’ve highlighted one important difference between APA 6 and APA 7 with an underlined note written in red.
Formatting a Reference List
Your reference list should appear at the end of your paper. It provides the information necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve any source you cite in the body of the paper. Each source you cite in the paper must appear in your reference list; likewise, each entry in the reference list must be cited in your text.
Your references should begin on a new page separate from the text of the essay; label this page “References” in bold, centered at the top of the page (do NOT underline or use quotation marks for the title). All text should be double-spaced just like the rest of your essay.
Basic Rules for Most Sources
- All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented one-half inch from the left margin. This is called hanging indentation.
- All authors’ names should be inverted (i.e., last names should be provided first).
- Authors’ first and middle names should be written as initials.
- For example, the reference entry for a source written by Jane Marie Smith would begin with “Smith, J. M.”
- If a middle name isn’t available, just initialize the author’s first name: “Smith, J.”
- Give the last name and first/middle initials for all authors of a particular work up to and including 20 authors (this is a new rule, as APA 6 only required the first six authors). Separate each author’s initials from the next author in the list with a comma. Use an ampersand (&) before the last author’s name. If there are 21 or more authors, use an ellipsis (but no ampersand) after the 19th author, and then add the final author’s name.
- Reference list entries should be alphabetized by the last name of the first author of each work.
- For multiple articles by the same author, or authors listed in the same order, list the entries in chronological order, from earliest to most recent.
- When referring to the titles of books, chapters, articles, reports, webpages, or other sources, capitalize only the first letter of the first word of the title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns.
- Note again that the titles of academic journals are subject to special rules. See section below.
- Italicize titles of longer works (e.g., books, edited collections, names of newspapers, and so on).
- Do not italicize, underline, or put quotes around the titles of shorter works such as chapters in books or essays in edited collections.
Basic Rules for Articles in Academic Journals
- Present journal titles in full.
- Italicize journal titles.
- Maintain any nonstandard punctuation and capitalization that is used by the journal in its title.
- For example, you should use PhiloSOPHIA instead of Philosophia, or Past & Present instead of Past and Present.
- Capitalize all major words in the titles of journals. Note that this differs from the rule for titling other common sources (like books, reports, webpages, and so on) described above.
- This distinction is based on the type of source being cited. Academic journal titles have all major words capitalized, while other sources’ titles do not.
- Capitalize the first word of the titles and subtitles of journal articles, as well as the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and any proper nouns.
- Do not italicize or underline the article title.
- Do not enclose the article title in quotes.
- So, for example, if you need to cite an article titled “Deep Blue: The Mysteries of the Marianas Trench” that was published in the journal Oceanographic Study: A Peer-Reviewed Publication, you would write the article title as follows:
- Deep blue: The mysteries of the Marianas Trench.
- …but you would write the journal title as follows:
- Oceanographic Study: A Peer-Reviewed Publication
- So, for example, if you need to cite an article titled “Deep Blue: The Mysteries of the Marianas Trench” that was published in the journal Oceanographic Study: A Peer-Reviewed Publication, you would write the article title as follows:
Please note: While the APA manual provides examples of how to cite common types of sources, it does not cover all conceivable sources. If you must cite a source that APA does not address, the APA suggests finding an example that is similar to your source and using that format. For more information, see page 282 of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th ed.
