Behemoth, bully, thief: how the English language is taking over the planet’: https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/jul/27/english-language-global-dominance “The Hidden Bias of Science’s Universal Language” https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2015/0… If you haven’t already, listen to the 8-minute lecture ‘Influence of Americanization on Icelandic Language’. A couple of things to add to the audio lecture that I perhaps didn’t execute on While Americans and Brits forced the occupation of Iceland during the second World War, a number of Icelanders appreciated what came with the eventual establishment of the American NATO base. For example, Keflavík, the neighboring fishing town, got the nickname of ‘Little America’ since it was especially impacted by the Americans, and the fact that everything American was considered ‘cool’ at that time. English is also considered an easy language to learn, making its use all the more appealing. Not surprisingly, those in Keflavík had, for years, the reputation for speaking better English than the rest of the island (of which they were very proud). While Icelanders were and still are required to learn Danish in schools, and have mingled occasionally with sailors from other countries, the language has been largely considered ‘pure’ until recently, e.g., words like ókei, bjútý, and kúl dont need translation (though these are used in conversations and social media posts, not written texts). In fact, if Vikings were to come back, Icelanders are the only Nordic people they could still understand (Danish, Norwegian and Swedish languages have evolved much more over time; Icelandic didn’t evolve as greatly given the nation’s isolation as an island in the North Atlantic). Despite the presence of the NATO base, Icelanders still sought to preserve their language, e.g., all TV programs were, and still are, televised with Icelandic translation text (children’s TV shows, like “Paw Patrol,” and movies, like “Rapunzel” and “Cars”, use Icelandic voice-over). And they were quite successful in the language’s preservation up until the age of the Internet, with Iceland avoiding the international spotlight, as far as tourism and immigration, until the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in 2010. But the need to use more English in every day conversations, given tourism and foreign workers, and the onslaught of digital communication being hard to keep up with, have made it difficult to keep Icelandic front and center. The Icelandic government is investing a good chunk of change in digital initiatives that will feature Icelandic as the dominant language, and has an “Icelandic Language Day” which seeks to highlight its value. Answer the following: With the Guardian article, what did the writer cite as benefits of learning the English language and it being the ‘international’ language? What were concerns the writer expressed about the dominance of the English language? What concerns did the writer for theatlantic voice about the majority of scientific papers being published in English? Given the influence of Americanization and the digital world on Icelanders, do you think that Icelandic, and other languages under similar influence, have a chance of surviving in this day and age? Support your stance. What are your thoughts on this domination of the English language, in general? 1 attachments Slide 1 of 1 attachment_1 attachment_1 Tags: education parties English language avian pathology User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following Studypool’s honor code & terms of service.
Reference List: Basic Rules
Note: This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style can be found here.
This resource, revised according to the 7th edition APA Publication Manual, provides fundamental guidelines for constructing the reference pages of research papers. For more information, please consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, (7th ed.).
Note: Because the information on this page pertains to virtually all citations, we’ve highlighted one important difference between APA 6 and APA 7 with an underlined note written in red.
Formatting a Reference List
Your reference list should appear at the end of your paper. It provides the information necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve any source you cite in the body of the paper. Each source you cite in the paper must appear in your reference list; likewise, each entry in the reference list must be cited in your text.
Your references should begin on a new page separate from the text of the essay; label this page “References” in bold, centered at the top of the page (do NOT underline or use quotation marks for the title). All text should be double-spaced just like the rest of your essay.
Basic Rules for Most Sources
- All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented one-half inch from the left margin. This is called hanging indentation.
- All authors’ names should be inverted (i.e., last names should be provided first).
- Authors’ first and middle names should be written as initials.
- For example, the reference entry for a source written by Jane Marie Smith would begin with “Smith, J. M.”
- If a middle name isn’t available, just initialize the author’s first name: “Smith, J.”
- Give the last name and first/middle initials for all authors of a particular work up to and including 20 authors (this is a new rule, as APA 6 only required the first six authors). Separate each author’s initials from the next author in the list with a comma. Use an ampersand (&) before the last author’s name. If there are 21 or more authors, use an ellipsis (but no ampersand) after the 19th author, and then add the final author’s name.
- Reference list entries should be alphabetized by the last name of the first author of each work.
- For multiple articles by the same author, or authors listed in the same order, list the entries in chronological order, from earliest to most recent.
- When referring to the titles of books, chapters, articles, reports, webpages, or other sources, capitalize only the first letter of the first word of the title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns.
- Note again that the titles of academic journals are subject to special rules. See section below.
- Italicize titles of longer works (e.g., books, edited collections, names of newspapers, and so on).
- Do not italicize, underline, or put quotes around the titles of shorter works such as chapters in books or essays in edited collections.
Basic Rules for Articles in Academic Journals
- Present journal titles in full.
- Italicize journal titles.
- Maintain any nonstandard punctuation and capitalization that is used by the journal in its title.
- For example, you should use PhiloSOPHIA instead of Philosophia, or Past & Present instead of Past and Present.
- Capitalize all major words in the titles of journals. Note that this differs from the rule for titling other common sources (like books, reports, webpages, and so on) described above.
- This distinction is based on the type of source being cited. Academic journal titles have all major words capitalized, while other sources’ titles do not.
- Capitalize the first word of the titles and subtitles of journal articles, as well as the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and any proper nouns.
- Do not italicize or underline the article title.
- Do not enclose the article title in quotes.
- So, for example, if you need to cite an article titled “Deep Blue: The Mysteries of the Marianas Trench” that was published in the journal Oceanographic Study: A Peer-Reviewed Publication, you would write the article title as follows:
- Deep blue: The mysteries of the Marianas Trench.
- …but you would write the journal title as follows:
- Oceanographic Study: A Peer-Reviewed Publication
- So, for example, if you need to cite an article titled “Deep Blue: The Mysteries of the Marianas Trench” that was published in the journal Oceanographic Study: A Peer-Reviewed Publication, you would write the article title as follows:
Please note: While the APA manual provides examples of how to cite common types of sources, it does not cover all conceivable sources. If you must cite a source that APA does not address, the APA suggests finding an example that is similar to your source and using that format. For more information, see page 282 of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th ed.
