SS3A Research Project: Annotated Bibliography

Tsun Yuen Wong – 70118 Updated Working Title of Your Research Report/Project: The Relationship between Online Learning and Students’ Achievement

SUMMARY OF RESEARCH PROGRESS:

As my main purpose of the research project, I am investigating? the influence of online learning on students’ performance and whether it is related to students’ awareness or any other factors. So I have been searching for some secondary data from the internet about the advantages and disadvantages that online learning could influence students’ academic performance. I have also found a couple of peer-reviewed articles that will be useful to show as evidence and examples to support the claims I made for my hypothesis. In order to investigate the progress of students’ online learning and the relationship between their serious learning level and their academic achievements, I will have to get involved in both qualitative research and quantitative research methods besides all the sources I have collected from the internet. However, the hardest part that I am struggling with now is creating interview questions and the process of making questionnaires that will be the perfect fit for my research topic. Such as asking myself what kind of questions I should allocate as interview questions and what kind of question I should put in the questionnaire. And how many students I should target for the in-person interview and how many questionnaires should be handed out in order to seem valid for the survey? These are the main questions I need to figure out before conducting the surveys for the next stage of my research project.

Reference for Source #1 (peer-reviewed article) Arkorful, V. and Abaidoo, N. (2014) The Role of e-Learning, the Advantages and Disadvantages of Its Adoption in Higher Education. International Journal of Education and Research, 2, 397-410. Notes for Source #1

? The Internet has become one of the vital ways to make available resources for research and learning for both teachers and students to share and acquire information (Richard and Haya 2009). Technology-based e-learning encompasses the use of the internet and other important technologies to produce materials for learning, teach learners, and also regulate courses in an organization (Fry, 2001). ?Annotation?: These are the statements defining online learning as a modern form of teaching. It can be the reference materials for my

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SS3A Research Project: NOTES (Annotated Bibliography or Notes with References)

introduction paragraph when I am about to describe the major concept of online learning.

? Type of online learning: computer-based and internet-based e-learning. Annotation?: can be added to the introduction paragraph.

? Quote: “Some studies give advantage of e-learning as its ability to focus on the needs of individual learners. For example, Marc (2000) in his book review on e-learning strategies for delivering knowledge in digital age noted that one of the advantages of e-learning in education is its focus on the needs of individual learners as an important factor in the process of education rather than on the instructors’, or educational institutions’ needs.” (page #401) ?Annotation?: The statement indicates an advantage of online learning with an example that can be used as the first explanation for the first advantage: its ability to focus on the needs of individual learners.

? Other advantages such as ?It is flexible when issues of time and place are taken into consideration?/?It is able to provide opportunities for relations between learners by the use of discussion forums.?/?E-learning is cost effective in the sense that there is no need for the students or learners to travel?, etc.

? The disadvantages of e-learning that have been given by studies such as E-learning as a method of education make the learners undergo contemplation, remoteness, as well as lack of interaction or relation.?/Since tests for assessments in e-learning are possibly done with the use of proxy, ?it will be difficult, if not impossible to control or regulate bad activities like cheating?./ ?E-learning may also probably be misled to piracy and plagiarism, predisposed by inadequate selection skills, as well as the ease of copy and paste, etc ?(page #403) ?Annotation?: There are many disadvantages of online learning that’s provided by the author, I can use them as the reference when I am stating the drawbacks and evaluating them with the support of evidence from this peer-reviewed article.

Reference for Source #2 (peer-reviewed article) Luaran, J. @ E., Samsuri, N. N., Nadzri, F. A., & Rom, K. B. M. (2014, May 22). A Study on the Student’s Perspective on the Effectiveness of Using e-learning. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042814014451. Notes for Source #2

? Quote: “According to Shelly & Vermat (2009), computers can be available anywhere, such as at work, schools and homes. And at the same time,

SS3A Research Project: NOTES (Annotated Bibliography or Notes with References)

computers and the Internet are primary means of interaction among local and global communities. It is not surprising that teachers also use computers to assist them with classroom instruction while students use computers to complete assignments.” (page #142) ?Annotation?: Since it’s an era of high-technology, It is normal for teachers to teach students using computers. This statement can be used in the introduction paragraph to explain why it is common to have online classes.

? Quote: “E-learning is an integration of technologies in teaching and learning. It enables students to learn effectively but eventually it is the educators who still need to play their roles and perform their tasks in order for learning process to happen.” (page #144) ?Annotation?: This is the final evaluation that the author concludes based on the research shown in the article corresponding to what I am seeking to test for my research claim.

Reference for Source #3 (peer-reviewed article) Kemp, N., & Grieve, R. (2014). Face-to-face or face-to-screen? Undergraduates opinions and test performance in classroom vs. online learning. ?Frontiers in Psychology?, 5?. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01278 Notes for Source #3

? Quote: “In a traditional, teacher-centered model of teaching, the lecturer transmits knowledge to students, with little input from those students (Harden and Crosby, 2000; Prosser et al., 2005).” (page #1) ?Annotation?: This statement shows a difference between the traditional teaching methods and online learning. I can quote the sentence as a transition to the introduction of online learning that forms a striking contrast with traditional face-to-face learning.

? Quote: “In justifying their modality preferences about completing the activities face-to-face, the 67 participants provided 102 reasons overall. Overall, 80% of the first reasons (and 37% of second reasons) that participants gave to illustrate the benefits of in-class activities fitted these themes of “more engagement” and “immediate feedback. When explaining their preferred modality for online activities, the 67 participants provided 78 reasons, rather fewer than the 102 that they had given about face-to-face classes.” (page #5) ?Annotation?: This article provides survey results that illustrate there are more students think traditional face-to-face learning has more benefits than online learning from student’s perspectives.

SS3A Research Project: NOTES (Annotated Bibliography or Notes with References)

Reference for Source #4 (peer-reviewed article) Xu, D., & Jaggars, S. S. (2013). The impact of online learning on students’ course outcomes: Evidence from a large community and technical college system. ?Economics of Education Review?, ?37?, 46–57. doi: 10.1016/j.econedurev.2013.08.001 Notes for Source #4

? “Although dozens of studies have compared student performance between online and face-to-face courses, most have been descriptive studies, with no controls for student self-selection. Moreover, the majority have focused on populations or contexts that are not relevant to the typical online college course. Only a few random assignment or quasi-experimental studies have focused on semester-length college courses. Results of these studies are mixed, leading many college leaders to conclude that online learning at least ‘‘does no harm.’’”(page 47) ?Annotation?: This statement centrally illustrates how online learning does no harm. This can be used in one of the arguments that online learning does no harm to students’ academic performance.

Reference for Source #5 B2B, C. (2019, May 28). How Online Learning Can Improve Academic Performance. Retrieved from https://digitalmarketinginstitute.com/en-us/blog/how-online-learning-can-improve-acade mic-performance. Notes for Source #5

? Quote: “?Research indicates that online courses can be better at engaging students, boosting retention rates up to ?60%? in some instances while video content is projected to account for ?80%? of all global web activity by 2019. It’s little surprise that online learning is getting more popular.” (paragraph 9) ?Annotation?: This statement shows how online learning has become popular in recent which can be used in the introduction paragraph.

? Quote: “The statistics on online learning demonstrate a significant positive impact on the employability of those who successfully obtain online qualifications. Studies from the University of Illinois confirmed that 44% of online students claim their employment standing improved, as they got full-time jobs within 12 months of their graduation. Furthermore, 45% of respondents reported they received an increase in their salary.” ?Annotation?: The examples provided by the author

SS3A Research Project: NOTES (Annotated Bibliography or Notes with References)

emphasizes how online learning improves students’ academic performance which can be used to support my claim for the research project.