MIS SYSTEM RELATED TO ACCOUNTING 10
MIS System Related to Accounting
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Abstract
The need for information technology as a mechanism for promoting business processes has become imperative in contemporary society. Business establishments require computerized management information systems (MISs) in order to generate value and keep abreast of industry competitors. As Sharma and Thakur (2015) vividly point out, the use of MIS in the organization can yield immense economic value while simultaneously streamlining business processes. Transaction processing is one area in accounting that can benefit from the implementation and deployment of management information systems. This is particularly true for organizations that are currently operating their transaction processing manually. Using a hypothetical case from the restaurant industry, the purpose of this report is to outline the implementation and prospective benefits of a transaction-processing infrastructure based on some MIS principles.
Introduction
Because of rapid advances in technology over the recent past, many companies have an incentive to implement management information systems in order to streamline their operational processes and keep ahead of industry rivals. One management information system applicable to the accounting major pertains to transaction processing. Transactional processing in the digital information era connotes a computerized system that performs and records daily routine transactions necessary to the conduct of the business. It involves the collection, modification as well as retrieval of all transaction data. According to Al-tarawneh (2015), the characteristics of an effective transactional processing systems utilized in accounting include performance, consistency, and reliability. When integrated with the MIS, transactional processing can significantly help to restructure the operations of the firm while providing other additional benefits such as enhanced efficiency and reduction of errors to support cost savings. This is particularly true in companies that are still relying on manual techniques to accomplish processes such as data entry, data monitoring, and data editing. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the implementations of an MIS supported transaction processing system in a restaurant to upgrade the system of entering transactions and support the operations of the organization.
Discussion
A scenario that can benefit from the MIS integrated with transaction processing (TPS) is one involving is a restaurant that uses manual transaction processing techniques that have created a barrier to duplication of data in the computer files within the business processes. This barrier causes discrepancies resulting in to waste of storage space on the existing system because of non-data based application used. It also makes it challenging to collect weekly or monthly data on transactions because of them because of the challenges associated with sharing data efficiently within the business processes. Solving these related problems will help the restaurant to achieve a competitive advantage through improving efficiency, adding value, and streamlining the business operations. The MIS system, coupled with the TPS, can go a long way in resolving this problem and ensuring that the company can realize its long-term goals and vision (Hancock, Bazley, & Robinson, 2015).
In order to resolve the problem, it will be imperative to use data-driven decision making that takes into account all the problems with the system and implements ingenious architecture to address the problems associated with the restaurants current system. To proceed with the system development, it will be imperative to develop a data-driven information system as a stand along with system to the point of sale (POS) for ordering and tracking sales as well as computerization of employee payroll management (Udoh & Inuwa, 2016). The different transactions that take place in restaurants often include customer orders, receipts, invoices, and other payments, while the processing of transactions that take place in restaurants includes the collection, storage, manipulation, and editing of data. Kurek (2016) acknowledges that the primary purpose of transaction processing in a restaurant is to ensure that the businesss records remain updated.
The system development process is essential for guaranteeing the success of the MIS. The goal of a system developer, as identified by Boockholdt (2017) is to deliver the best possible information system in the shortest possible time and at the lowest possible cost. Because information systems affect people throughout the firm, the system development team will utilize Rapid Application Development (RAD), a team-based approach that integrates the needs of all employees during the system development process (Boockholdt, 2017). RAD offers a fast-track approach to a spectrum of system development tasks including construction, design, planning, and implementation. Furthermore, according to Sharma and Thakur (2015), RAD speeds up the development of information systems in addition to reducing the cost of the system development process.
Taking into account system requirements is also an imperative undertaking in MIS implementation (Asemi, Safari, & Zavareh, 2011). For the proposed system, the development tools utilized will include Visual Studio 2008 (VB.NET), Reporting Tools (Crystal Report 11v), and MS-SQL Server. The Visual Studio 2008 will be useful for component building and front-end coding whereas the Crystal Report 11v will find utility in generating reports from the dataset for users needs. MS-SQL Server, on the contrary, will be useful in storing all data from the front-end. Sharma and Thakur (2015) further affirm that the consideration of software requirements, including OS and Web browser as well as hardware requirements such as processor, RAM, hard drives, and printers will also be paramount. The proposed system will utilize RAM (Random Access Memory) of 3 Gigabyte, Processor of 1.7 GHz clock speed, HP Printer, and Hard drive size of 500 Gigabyte free space.
In data-driven decision-making, the next step is the consideration of appropriate system architecture (Hancock et al., 2015). In order to solve the problems with the transaction system at the restaurant, the system development team proposes client-server design architecture. In this design, the transaction server handles a set of SQL commands, and the object server exchanges object messages with clients, the database server processes individual SQL commands whereas a web server sends and receives internet-based communication (Hasana, Ebrahim, Mahmood, & Rahman, 2017). The system will also use 3-tier architecture with additional security layer known as data access layer. It is worth mentioning that the proposed MIS-TPS is a type of information system designed to integrate four different modules on a single platform together. These modules are model-driven inventory system, pos, payroll system, and ATM card payment transaction.
The rationale for the inclusion of the data access layer to the proposed 3tier architecture is to offer security for the confidential information and data of the firm. The system development team assumes that any base administrator can be able to decrypt the Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) that came with MS-SQL Server with the purpose of encrypting the entire database. To prevent the records in the database from attacks by hackers, intruders, and others with malicious intent, the development team introduces the data access layer with encryption algorithms meant to transform the incoming and processed information/data into Cipher-text. Another significant reason for using the 3-tier architecture in this MIS-TPS system is because it enhances the overall performance of the system through reducing the data server workload, and it offers easy maintenance of the access layers (Kurek, 2016).
As mentioned previously, the proposed MIS system will adopt client-server architecture. This architecture will have four different layers that perform specialized tasks the presentation logic layer, business services layer, and data access layer. The presentation logic layer is the external, visible layer where users including management staff, supervisors, and other staff members can interact with the system. The presentation logic is a user interface that handles data queries, data entry, and report generation among other functions (Udoh & Inuwa, 2016). Each of the modules (Inventory, ATM Card Payment, POS, and Payroll) integrated into this system has its user interface that allows various users to input their data for processing. Features of the presentation logic layer include pop-up menu, mouse click event, tooltips message, and confirmation dialog box for executing commands.
The business services layer, also known as the business logic layer is the middle layer. This layer will be responsible for handling any form of requests from the users through the user interface, after which it will pass the request to the server for processing. Programming codes reside in this layer, making it the powerhouse of all the layers (Sharma & Thakur, 2015). The data access layer, on the contrary, will serve the purpose of securing incoming data such as ATM card passwords, inventory detail, and staff payroll slip. This layer will execute an encryption algorithm on every confidential data passed on the layer and decrypt Cipher- text information into plain text. The system development team will ensure that a secure link exists among the database server and the data access layers in order to facilitate thorough communication from the back-end and front-end.
System interfaces are also critical success factors during the development and the deployment of the MIS-TPS for the restaurant (Sharma & Thakur, 2015). For the proposed interfaces, the first set of input will be a pair of username and password. The system will authenticate the user through validating the username as well as the password after entering the pair. This, according to Udoh and Inuwa (2016, p. 15) is done by calling the login stored procedure, which in turn checks the database by verifying if both the username and password supplied exist in the database. If true, the system authenticates the user trying to log in, and if not true, the user does not gain access. The system carries out another process only after the user receives authentication and can access the system.
The interface design will also comprise input and output. The front-end will represent the user interface design comprising of windows forms, while the back-end that contains the database of the application will consist of tables for the storage of input data and the storage of procedures for implementation (Al-tarawneh, 2015). The system developers will design the input feature to receive data from administrators or system users. The system output, on the contrary, will present information to users either in report format or as a single query. It is worth mentioning that the system output varies from different factors such as search results, login, exception messages, authentication messages, and query reports among others. According to Boockholdt (2017), the system output is the most critical component of a working system since the interactivity of the system depends upon its output.
Upon the completion of the system development, the next phase will involve implementation. The completed system will have an original database structure for POS and E- Payment System. These structures will work together to manage information and data coming from the interface users. In order to offer better data integrity and prevent data redundancy, the system developers will normalize data in the databases. The completed system will also have the interface for placing customer orders, an interface where users enter values for cost price and selling price, and an interface for capturing total quantities of each meal ordered by customers daily (Udoh & Inuwa, 2016). For ease of use, the system will display statistical tables for computations of variables such as optimum inventory, mean, standard deviation, and other critical computations.
Conclusion
Management information systems (MIS) can have instrumental benefits to the organization. This is particularly true in contemporary society where technology is evolving at a rapid pace. Companies in the restaurant industry can benefit from the implementation of MIS particularly in the field of transaction processing. In order to be effective, there is need for strong leadership support and the availability of resources required to implement the system successfully. Other important issues to consider during the development and implementation of the system include system design, system requirements, system development process, system architecture, and system interfaces. The proposed MIS-TPS system has high levels of scalability and can help the restaurant to carry out its operations in a manner that is more efficient and effective. It also helps in cutting costs and minimizing errors associated with the manual process that the restaurant used initially before the deployment of the new system.
References
Al-tarawneh, W. A. (2015). The impact of transaction processing systems in making operational decisions: A case study of computerizing the Employees Affairs Department of Al-Bala Applied University, Al-Karak. European Scientific Journal, 11(9), 188-203.
Asemi, A., Safari, A., & Zavareh, A. A. (2011). The role of management information system (MIS) and decision support system (DSS) for the managers decision-making process. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(7), 164-173.
Boockholdt, J. L. (2017). Accounting information systems: Transactions processing and controls (11 ed.). London: McGraw-Hill.
Hancock, P., Bazley, M., & Robinson, P. (2015). Contemporary accounting (9 ed.). South Melbourne, Victoria: Cengage Learning Australia.
Hasana, M. S., Ebrahim, Z., Mahmood, W., & Rahman, M. N. (2017). Decision support system classification and its application in the manufacturing sector: A review. Jurnal Teknologi, 79(1), 153163.
Kurek, M. (2016). The application of informatics systems in restaurants. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 13(4), 1-7.
Sharma, S., & Thakur, K. S. (2015). Management information system. New York, NY: Horizon Books.
Udoh, L., & Inuwa, I. (2016). Implementation of a data-driven transaction processing system for the AUNs restaurant, Yola Nigeria. International Journal of Computer Applications, 149(6), 9-20.
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